Essential Fatty-acid

Essential fatty-acid and essential fatty-acid

A essential fatty-acid is a Fatty-acid that the organization cannot synthesize by itself, or in insufficient quantity. It must thus then be brought by the Alimentation. The fatty-acids of the series Omega-3 and Omega-6 comprise several essential fatty-acids at the man: they are very important for the organization because they are components of the cellular membranes.

A essential fatty-acid is a Fatty-acid that the organization cannot synthesize. It must thus obligatorily be brought by the food.

Precursory fatty-acids

At the man, two essential fatty-acids are characterized by the importance from their role:
  • the Linoleic acid , C18: 2 (9,12) or (18: 2 n-6), that one can find in certain oils (Huile of colza, Soya oil, nut of Grenoble).
  • the α-linoleic acid , C18: 3 (9,12,15) or (18: 3 n-3), that one can find in the seed S and the Linseed oil, the Noix…

Neither the man nor the animal is able to synthesize them, but one and the other can add to these two essential fatty-acids of the double additional connections, towards the carboxyl end, and lengthen the carbon chain at this end.

the whole of the derivatives obtained, additions with these two essential fatty-acids precursory , constitutes the two families of fatty-acids essential, necessary to the maintenance of a biochemical, cellular function or physiological data. There exists neither metabolic transformation, nor functional substitution between the two families Omega-6 and Omega-3 ".

The family of the omega-3

See also: Omega-3

The α-linoleic acid (WENT) is the precursor of the family of the omega-3. Thanks to Enzyme S, the linolenic acid will be transformed into eicosapentaénoïque Acide (EPA), him even precursory of two groups of molecules:

  • the Eicosanoïde S (p.ex. the Prostaglandin S) of series 3
  • the docosahexanoïque Acid (DHA).

The Eicosanoïde S play an anti-allergic part Anti-inflammatoire and . They ensure the protection of the Artère S and the Cœur.

The docosahexanoïque acid ensures the integrity of the cerebral functions , plays a part in the formation of the Spermatozoïde S like in the development of the Cerveau and the Rétine. One can find it directly in the food (fatty fish the such Saumon, the white Thon, the Sardine, etc)

The family of the omega-6

See also: Omega-6

The Linoleic acid (Al) is the precursor of the family of the omega-6. Always under the action of enzymes, the linoleic acid is transformed into γ-linoleic Acide (CASE), which one can find directly in the food: oils of Borage, Onager, seeds of Blackcurrant, but also in the Mother's milk.

The γ-linoleic acid (CASE) is itself precursory of the dihomo-γ-linoleic acid (DGLA), very important component of the Phospholipide S of the cellular Membrane, and fatty-acid in its precursory turn:

  • of the Eicosanoïde S of series 1, which play a part Anti-inflammatoire, stimulates the Immune system and protects the Artère S and the Cœur.
  • of the arachidonic Acid , precursor of the Eicosanoïde S of series 2, which are mediators of allergic reactions .

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