Essay (philosophy)

The essay of philosophy is a school and university exercise especially widespread in France. Whereas the Dissertation is a Mode of evaluation shared by many disciplines the such history or French, the essay of philosophy has well a fame in itself, forged as well by its role of key test in the studies, as by the subjects which it carries out to tackle. In France the essay of philosophy is the privileged mode of evaluation of the pupils, it is often considered more “noble” that the analysis of text, another prevalent exercise in the country.

Description

See also: Essay

The candidate must write an essay answering on a subject, which raises a question or carries on one or of the concepts to which several answers can be brought. The pupil must base himself on his philosophical knowledge (concepts, authors, works, distinctions conceptual, etc), but must also achieve a deliberation suitable for the subject given. The answer must be the expression of an enlightened judgment constituting a standpoint compared to the subject given and must answer the problem in a way clear and argued with examples.

Methodology

Subject analyzes

It is necessary to define the key concepts, and to determine the put questions (example: " … " can; can mean " Is possible" , " Is légitime" or both simultaneously) in order to problématiser the subject. It is a work of conceptual clarification.

Research task

It is necessary to mobilize the general culture to find elements referring to the subject. It is then necessary to seek philosophical references supporting some of its arguments, in the form of a quotation or of paraphrase. The quotation must be commented on and explained.

Organization

The whole of the possible answers to the question must be approached. A frequent plan is the support of one of the answers in a first part, the criticism of this answer in one second part, the contribution of another answer to face these criticisms in a third part, its criticism, and so on until obtaining the strongest answer.

The found references and the built definitions come to be integrated in the plan.

Drafting

It is done directly with clean, except for the introduction and of the conclusion where a draft is preferable. The plan must be apparent but does not have to be reproduced with titles etc

Introduction

It must comprise:

  1. a preamble, one hangs, an introduction (possibly a quotation) which brings the subject directly and challenges the reader (not hollow general information or formulas pass key).
  2. the wording of the subject (recopied such as it is, without quotation marks).
  3. the transformation into problem which must be perfectly equivalent with the subject, which must give an outline of the possible answers with a question which prolongs the problem.
  4. Advertisement of the plan.

Conclusion

It must comprise:

  1. a clear summary of the stages of the reasoning.
  2. a precise and short formulation of the answer brought to the
  3. question Possibly, one or two direct involvements of this answer (not of opening passing on another subject or destroying the value of the answer brought, not of question, possibly an example).

External bonds

  • Y does it have a life after the essay? A criticism of the place of the essay in philosophy in France by Pascal Engel.

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