Espírito Santo

The flag

Trabalha E Confia means “Work and Confidence [[God]]”. This currency is a truncated version of the currency Jésuite “works as if all depended on you, and believe as if all depended on God”. It was chosen by Jerônimo Monteiro. The flag was selected in 1908, with colors inspired by that of the Holy Mother of Vitória.

Geographical location

Espiríto Santo is located at the east of the south-eastern geographical area of Brazil, which contains also the States of São Paulo, of the Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. It is limited by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the State de Bahia in north, the Minas Gerais in north and the west and the State of Rio de Janeiro in the south. The principal cities of Espírito Santo (except for the area of Large Vitória) are Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Colatina, Guarapari, Linhares, Muniz Freire and Vila Velha.

Capixabas

One is not certain origin of the term Capixabas . It would seem that he comes from the name of one of the local tribes with which the Portuguese would have been confronted on their arrival. Another more credible explanation would be than the Amerindians thus called the inhabitants of the island of Vitória, which means plantation or even plantation of corn because those were tangled up with the houses. " Capixaba" is a word " Tupi Guarani" who means " cabelo of milho" (corn hair), in reference to the fairness of the hair of the Portuguese lately made in the area.

Ethnicities

Amerindians

The Amerindians were largely absorbed by the Portuguese and the Brazilian ones of African origin. Thus, there remain little about it which lives in reserves, practices an agriculture of subsistence and tries to preserve their fragile culture. Certain cities as Tightened and Santa Cruz were rested by Amerindians. The Amerindian culinary receipts are in the middle of the local gastronomy, the Moqueca Capixaba containing fish being the dish of the State.

Italian

Espirito Santo counts many descendants of Italian immigrants. They founded many cities and have a significant influence in the Capixaba company. There are always many groups of dance traditional Italian and many festivals of Italian cultures, as that which is held in the Immigrant town of Venda Nova C. The Italian gastronomy holds a big part in the kitchen and Capixaba industry. Italian cheeses as the Mozzarella are produced locally, as well as pastes. Farms of modest size exploit today this crenel in particular on the mode of the Agrotourisme.

German

Capixabas of German origin have an important influence. Indeed they were among the first colonists to cultivate the interior of the grounds. Following the example Italian community, they always keep many aspects of their culture of origin, and there exist many groups of dance traditional as well as festivals such Sommerfest with Domingos Martins. Some always speak their dialect about origin like the Pommeranien, and some even do not speak Portuguese.

History

Espírito Santo was populated seminomad Amerindian tribes when it was colonized by Portuguese then the descendants of black slaves and later of the European immigrants of various origins.

Colonial era

The area was allotted to Vasco Coutinho just after the discovery of the Brésil in 1500. It arrived in the district of Espírito Santo the May 23rd 1535 with 60 soldiers, slaves and servants.

The first capital was Vila Velha. Because of frequent raids carried out by Amerindians, Vitória the new capital was founded the September 8th 1551, on an island close to Vila Velha.

In 1556 after the arrival of missionaries, Tightened, Nova Almeida and Santa Cruz was founded.

Political history

Espírito Santo remained under the influence of the Coutinho family during 140 years. There remained a district during 287 years, until in 1821, when he became a province after the declaration of independence of Brazil.

In 1860 the emperor Pedro II, which was in good term with the provincial president, visited the State during one of its rounds inside Brazil.

In 1889, with the avenue of the republic of Brazil, Espírito Santo became a State.

Alfonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa became the first governor of the state. It was followed in 1892 by Muniz Freire which remained governor for two mandates, followed by Jeronimo Monteiro, which was governor of 1908 with 1912.

After the takeover of Getúlio Vargas, the governors were elected by the Parliament, then indicated. At the time of the return to the Democracy, Monteiro Lindenberg was elected. However with the Coup d'etat of 1964, the governors were again appointed by the National Assembly. Cristiano Dias Lopes, Arthur Carlos Gerhard Santos, Elcio Àlvares and Eurico Rezende were indicated in this way. Starting from Gerson Camata to Jose Inácio Ferreira elected in 1999, the governors were again elected in a democratic way.

Economic history

During 300 years, the principal culture was the Canne with sugar, until in 1850 when the Café whose request was very important in Europe, took the first place. For the colonial period, it also periods ago of " rush towards the or" , during which agriculture was neglected, which involved food shortages. However, little gold was found in Espírito Santo.

Geography

With a surface of 46.180 km ², ES makes about the size of the Estonia. It contains a variety of landscapes, like coastal Plaine S, Lac S, Forêt S of Montagne S, Mangrove S…

The islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz, located at 715 km in the east of Vitória in the South Atlantic are attached to ES.

Hydrographic network

The main thing Fleuve of the State is the Doce. Among the other basins of importance, there is the basin of the river Santa Maria which is the northern branch of the network of rivers which are thrown in the Mer with height of Vitória, and the basin of the Jucu river which corresponds to the southern branch of this network.

Climate

Time is generally dry and hot in the north of Doce, and cold in the mountains of south-west. Climate along the east coasts Subtropical heat with dry Winter S and be S rainy.

Topography

The State can be divided into two zones: a low coastal plain and a zone of plate called Tightened (where is the Pico da Bandeira which culminates to 2.890 m), which is part of the zone known as of the Serra C Caparaó divided with the Minas Gerais.

Economy

The principal cultures are the Riz, the Café, the Cacao, the Canne with sugar, the Haricot S, the Fruit S (mainly the Banane and the Papaye) and the Maïs. One raises there also Bovidé S for the Lait and the Viande. The principal sectors industrial are the Emballage, the Forestry development, the Textile, the Métallurgie and the Sidérurgie. The two last being concentrated around Cariacica and of the " Vale C Rio Doce".

Vitória is one of the principal points of export for iron and steel. With São Mateus, reserves of Pétrole were found on the continental shelf and are exploited today.

The Tourisme plays an increasingly important part in the economy of the state. Majority of the visitors coming from the neighboring states rather than from abroad. Coastal destinations like Guarapari, Jacaraípe and Manguinhos are very popular. However difficult mountainous areas of access as Domingos Martins are also popular. Guarapari is known for its Plage S of black Sable to the healing virtues.

External bonds

Gate of the government (Portuguese)

Simple: Espírito Santo

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