Esophagus
The esophagus (of the Greek oisophagos ) transports solid foods and the liquids swallowed towards the stomach thanks to the peristalsis (the sequential wave of the smooth musculature of the esophagus).
Note: the word “esophagus” should always decide ( E - zo-faj) and not (have-zo-faj), as one too often hears it. It is the same for all the œ drawn from the Greek, just like one naturally does it in “economy”, which was written “œconomy formerly”. See the article “ Œ ” for more information.
Anatomy and histology
The esophagus is the segment of the digestive tract which connects the Pharynx to the Cardia of the Estomac. The major part of the esophagus is thoracic and Médiastin ale, but it has also a short abdominal part.
With its higher junction, it has a valve called sphincter higher of the esophagus . With its lower junction, it does not have a anatomical Sphincter, but a functional sphincter, physiologically individualized by the pressures exerted with its passage through the diaphragm. Some regard the fold cardial as a sphincter, but it is only one fold of the Muqueuse of Cardia of the stomach.
The wall of the esophagus is made up, from the interior towards outside,
- a mucous membrane, consists of a epithelium malpighien, of a basal Lame and of a conjunctive Tissu,
- a submucosa, conjunctive Tissu denser, containing the vessels and nerves,
- a circular muscular layer interns,
- an external longitudinal muscular layer,
- the visceral layer of the Péritoine.
Diseases and conditions related to the esophagus
Diseases
- Achalasie also called Méga-esophagus, idiopathic or secondary with a Disease of Chagas, Scleroderma, Amylose, Collagénose
- Varix œsophagienne
- Spasm of the esophagus: Disease of the staged spasms, Esophagus nut-crackers
- Œsophagite
- Ulcer œsophagien
- Backward flows gastro-œsophagien commonly called " increase acides"
- Endobrachyœsophage
- Cancer of the esophagus
- Syndrome of Mallory-Weiss
- Syndrome To pluck-Vinson
- Ring of Schatzki
- Diverticulum of Zenker
- Malformation œsophagienne
- Length of the esophagus
Symptoms
- Dysphagie
- Pyrosis
- Régurgitation
- Hématémèse
- Maelena
Methods of exploration of the esophagus
Fibroscopy œsophagienne
The examination consists in inspecting with a camera with fiberoptics the light and the surface of the esophagus in contact with the bolus. One thus detects lesions ulcerated, hemorrhagic, tumoral… which will be biopsiées or looked after during the same examination.
The pH-métrie œsophagienne
The pH-métrie over 24 hours of the esophagus consists in measuring the variations of the pH with a left probe one day whole with a few centimetres of the cardia. PH not having physiologically to go down in lower part from 4 more twice by 12 midnight. This examination detects primarily Reflux gastro-œsophagien S where the pH goes down regularly to less than 4 in multiple circumstances from the everyday life.
Manometry œsophagienne
The manometry makes it possible to detect anomalies of the contraction of the muscle œsophagien which allows the usual progression of the bolus by peristalsis.
Cinescopy œsophagienne
Transit baryta of the esophagus
The transit baryta is carried out by catch of multiple radiological stereotypes during absorption per bone of a product of contrast visible with radiology. Radiology showing the light of the esophagus. This examination detects the sténoses and the contractings œsophagiens, as well as the diverticula. It is carried out when the fibroscopy is contra-indicated.
Simple: Esophagus
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