Erotic behavior

At the man, the bonobo and the Panda, there would not exist behavior of reproduction instinctive, except that resulting from the consecutive Mimétisme to the observation of other individuals. Pulsion S theirs are insufflated by the hormones and the Phéromone S, but without means of translating them into Comportement; this is why one must show with the pandas Film S to incite them to reproduce in captivity.

The reward systems, which get intense Plaisir, can on the other hand facilitate the things. At the Primates, the goal of the sexual Comportement is the stimulation of the body and the genitals, and in particular the Pénis, the Clitoris and the Vagin. This behavior, where the pleasure is the sought-after goal, is an erotic behavior. The reproduction, at the Man and the bonobo, is an indirect consequence research of the pleasure.

Training of the behavior allowing the reproduction

By carrying out a synthesis of current knowledge, one observes at the Mammifère S which the behavior of reproduction depends on the coordination and the interaction of several biological factors: sex hormones, complementary genitals, olfactive signals and somatosensoriels, innate elementary Reflex S (lordosis, pushes pelvic,…), and process of reinforcement.

A certain number of data suggest that the relative importance of these various factors changes according to the architecture of the nervous system. At the Man, because of the importance of the development of the prosencephalic structures, and particularly of the Neocortex, certain factors become minors (physiological cycles, Olfaction, Phéromone S,…), while others become dominating (erotic reinforcements, cognition " sexuelle" ,…).

Anatomically, one observes in all the mammals an innate sexuée organization, adapted to the reproduction: the genitals, external as interns, have structures and functions specific to the reproduction (Pénis and Vagin, Testicule S, ovary S, Utérus…) and are adapted perfectly to this goal. Physiologically, the organizations mammaliens Sexué S have characteristics which are also adapted to the reproduction (sexuation, hormonal regulation of the Gamétogénèse, functional complementarity of the gamètes…). There exist also specific Réflexe S (erection, lubrication, ejaculation…), prewired in the autonomous Nervous system, which takes part in the reproduction. These data confirm that there exists, at the anatomical and physiological level, an organization Inné E, specific and perfectly adapted to the reproduction.

The only component of the reproduction which is not innate is the displacement of the Spermatozoïde S of the urethral meatus of the male to the collar of the Utérus of the female.

The deposit of the spermatozoa in the Vagin is carried out during the vaginal coitus, Comportement which is indirectly learned because of the following innate biological characteristics:

the innate existence of erotogenic body zones (mainly: nipple of the Penis and nipple of the Clitoris; secondarily: lip, language, anus,…).
the innate existence of processes of reinforcement (probably localized in the low part of the median beam of the télencéphale: nucleus accumbens, ventral surface tegmentale,…).
the innate existence of complementary genitals (penis and vagina), having a high erotogenic potentiality (Orgasm).

to see Figure " Acquisition of the behavior of reproduction " , parts (1), (2) and (4)

These three characteristics are at the origin of two particular phenomena: 1) the emergence of a particular behavioral dynamics: the erotic behavior, and 2) the training of a specific driving sequence: the vaginal coitus.

Emergence of a behavioral dynamics: the erotic behavior

The existence of erotogenic body zones (1) associated with the process of reinforcement (2) is the two biological factors Inné S which create a specific context of emergence of an erotic behavioral tendency: that of the repetition of the driving sequences of stimulation of the erotogenic zones (3).

This anatomical organization and physiological particular makes that there exists a very strong probability that each person, during her development and of the interaction with the others, discovers the erotogenic zones of the body, and, via the processes of reinforcements, acquires repeated activities of stimulation of these erotogenic zones.

Each child gradually discovers (as of the first childhood, if it is not the intra-uterine life) stimulations body and genital which produces feelings of intense Plaisir. These first generating stimulations of erotic feelings can be very diverse, and generally come from the parental care, the sexual plays, an initiation by a partner more tested, or manual self-stimulation of the genitals (because of anatomical provision of the forelimbs who is particularly favourable with this activity). Then they is randomly personal experiments and trainings which a person discovers little by little - or does not discover - the various practices and erotic sources of pleasures: sensual caresses, Masturbation, kiss, oro-genital activities, anal or vaginal coitus,… the erotic activities are thus gradually learned during the development, in a few months or several years, according to the Apprentissage S, of the quantity and the quality of the erotic experiments.

It is even possible to speak about erotic behavior, insofar as the reinforcements (perceived consciously as erotic Sensation of pleasure) act like a principle organizing and structuring: during time and experiments, the erotic activities become increasingly typical, elaborate, identified, conscious and deliberated. With maturity, the sought-after goal, the designs mental and the motor activities are structured and organized around a specific purpose: that of obtaining the erotic feelings, of which, especially, the orgastic pleasure .

The erotic pleasure (or erotic reinforcements) can thus be regarded as a psychic and behavioral factor major.

Remarks

To supplement this description of the erotic behavior, it is important to recall that the stimuli which start the erotic pleasure are mechanical somatic stimuli nonspecific. Many types of body contacts (erotic or not erotic, by living beings or objects…) can thus cause an intense physical pleasure.

Moreover, this erotic behavior, from the dynamics of the biological processes which underlie it, is not specifically intended for the realization of the vaginal coitus. It is thus not a behavior of reproduction. It can to be qualified of erotic insofar as the stimulation of the erotogenic zones causes, in addition to activation of process of reinforcement, of feelings conscious of pleasure intense, and that these are the erotic psychic feelings which seem to be the deliberately required conscious goal, and not the reproduction.

Lastly, this erotic behavior, from the dynamics of the biological processes which underlie it, would exist with the birth, neither at the driving level, nor at the psychic level. There would not exist with the birth of Besoin, Désir or erotic Pulsion, nor of spontaneous erotic activity. These erotic activities instinctual, i.e. would not be produced by structures neurales prewired in answer to innate and specific stimuli-signals of the erotism (or reproduction or " sexualité"). It would be only as from the moment when a person felt erotic pleasure and with included/understood by which action it was caused, that it could exist an erotic desire and a motivation to reproduce these hedonic actions so intensely.

Thus, according to the sociocultural context and of the singular experiments of each person, the development of the erotic behavior can start as of childhood, with adolescence or the adulthood, by activities autosexuelles, hétérosexuelles, homosexual or bisexual. The first activities can be any, caresses or stimulations manual, masturbation, kiss, activities oro-genital or coitus, according to the situation and of the experiment of possible initiating partner. The influence of the cultural factors is very important: for example, in Occident, the Homophobie and the social valorization of the heterosexual couple, induce a context where the sexual activities between a man and a woman will be majority. In this context, the erotic reinforcements primarily take place between people of opposed sex, which thus induces the development of a sexuality mainly hétérosexuelle. What seems to be determining in the development of the erotic behavior, it is not so much the kind of the partner, the age or the type of the erotic activity, but rather the discovery of the first erotic feeling, the comprehension of the cause of this pleasure, then the repetition and the search for new feelings of this so intense pleasure.

Training of a specific driving sequence: the vaginal coitus

An important matter is to know how in the absence of knowledge of the reproduction that of the vaginal coitus can be acquired. This problem is already effleuré by Longus in its history of Daphnis and Chloé.

According to the model suggested, in the absence of Instinct and of any information, the discovery and the training of the vaginal coitus seem possible and highly probable, and probably had to be carried out at the time original in the following way:

During the erotic behavior, during the search for physical pleasures, the existence of complementary genitals (penis and vagina) having highly erotogenic zones (4) would be a characteristic which would induce a strong probability that the vaginal coitus becomes one of the preferential erotic practices (5).

to see Figure " Acquisition of the behavior of reproduction " , parts (4) and (5)

The fact that generally only the stimulation of the genitals is likely to cause a very intense erotic pleasure, of which the Orgasme, is one of the independent factors facilitating the training and the repetition of the vaginal coitus. This characteristic makes that the erotic activities are mainly centered on the genitals, thus increasing the probability of discovered vaginal coitus. Moreover, curiosity, the research of the innovation and the capacities cognitive are also factors increasing the probability of discovered this sequence. Thus, between the maturation of the driving capacities, towards 3-4 years, and puberty, there exists one period of ten years of erotic experiments, than sufficient to discover the sequence of the vaginal coitus probably more. This sequence would be thus acquired during the development and of the diversification of the repeated activities of stimulations of the erotogenic zones.

In addition, vaginal lubrication as well as the anatomical position of the nipple and its sensory physiology make that the vaginal penetration is one of the activities which causes the erotic pleasure most intense. These characteristics make that the vaginal coitus becomes one of the preferred erotic activities, thus supporting the Fécondation and the reproduction necessary to the survival of the Espèce.

In conclusion, it thus seems that the coitus vaginal, necessary to the reproduction and with the survival of the mankind, depends on a specific training, generally but obligatorily not carried out during the training of the various erotic activities. In the mankind and perhaps in other primates anthropoïdes, the reproduction would seem to be a happy risk, almost fortuitous consequence of the research of the physical pleasure.

Remarks

Let us insist on the fact that the vaginal coitus, from the dynamics of the biological processes which underlies it, is not " programmé" at the behavioral level. The behavior of reproduction thus does not seem to be instinctual, even by giving a very broad definition to the concept of " instinct" .

Compared to the training of the sequence of the vaginal coitus, it would be advisable to distinguish two contexts: an initial context, corresponding at the time of the very first Men, and a posterior context, corresponding to the knowledge of the coitus.

In the first context, historically very in short and whose exact characteristics remain speculative, the sequence of the vaginal coitus was probably not known. The discovery and the training of the vaginal coitus had to be done doubtless in the way described in the paragraphs above.

In the second context, which represents the near total of the human history, the knowledge of the vaginal coitus almost always comes from the cognitive activity: either by the observation of coïtales activities of other people or animals, or by an initiation by a partner more tested, or by the theoretical transmission of this knowledge by an average oral examination, written or pictorial. In this context, the biological characteristics specific to the origin of the training of the vaginal coitus would not play any more any part in acquisition of this driving sequence, but would remain essential with its repetition.

Other intervening biological factors in the reproduction

Hormones & phéromones

With this basic dynamics, where the processes of reinforcement are the paramount factor, are added hormonal and phéromonaux processes which have a modulating action. For example the sex hormones increase with puberty the intensity of the desire and the erotic behavior, while the Phéromones increase the proportion of hétérosexuelles activities, thus supporting the reproduction.

If the hormones and the phéromones have, at the Man, a weak influence on the behavioral aspect of the reproduction, on the other hand, they have a major effect at the anatomical level and physiological of the reproductive apparatus.

Emotion & Cognition

Moreover, the emotional processes (pleasure, joy, affects, romantic attachment,…) and cognitive (trainings, memorizing, planning, categorization,…) would complex the behavioral sequences and, especially, allow a psychic dimension and conscious the erotic activities.

Lastly, the cognitive processes most complex are at the origin of a cultural dimension of the Sexualité, by allowing the development of abstract elements (Représentation S, values, Croyance S,…) who transform the simple pressure of the bodies into acts eminently in charge of direction and Symbole S.

Pathology: Addictions sexual

In addition, this model also makes it possible to explain certain states of sexual pathology. The neurobiologic processes implied in the unconscious reinforcements and/or conscious erotic perceptions would be - at least partially - the same ones as those implied in the dependence with drugs. Beyond of a certain threshold of activity and intensity, the organization would become dependant with the erotic feelings (perhaps via the endogenous Opioïde S). This phenomenon neurobiologic would be probably at the origin of the sexual addictions.

Important complementary remarks

The model of the training, at the Man, of the behavior allowing the reproduction, is not based on any speculative biological phenomenon. All the processes neurobiologic on which this model is founded are common to all the mammals, and are known, shown in experiments and accepted by the scientific community.

The only new element contained in this model is the modification, for each Espèce (or rather for each order) of Mammifère, of the relative importance of each factor of the reproduction. All these factors, in all the mammals, interact in a complementary way to allow the reproduction. But their relative importance changes according to the evolution species, thus inducing differences in physiological and behavioral dynamics of the reproduction.

For these reasons, the model of the training of the human behavior of reproduction is not in contradiction with the known data relating to the role of the driving reflexes, the hormones and the phéromones in the reproduction of the mammals. Only, at the Man, these factors would have a secondary importance in the behavioral aspect of the reproduction. The major factor at the origin of the driving sequence of the vaginal coitus, although acting in an indirect and nonspecific way, would be the behavioral reinforcement related to the stimulation of the primary erotogenic zones.

This model is not in contradiction with the data concerning the influence of the cognitive processes, which make possible the development of the concept cultural of " sexualité" , constituted of representations, values and complex symbolizations, and which influences at the same time the development of the behavior " sexuel" and the perception which the subject will have of all that is related to the sphere defined as " sexuelle".

This model of the human behavior of reproduction is biologically simple. It is enough to some anatomical and neurophysiological elements - which already exist in all the mammals, but whose just relative importance changes in the primates hominoïdes - so that the acquisition of the behavior of reproduction becomes highly probable. It is not no need to call upon complex assumptions of " instinct" or of " programmation" genetics, hormonal, neurale or other.

This model is of in conformity with the theory of the natural selection, the conservation of the fundamental biological processes during the evolution, like with the phylogenetic data, and, especially, with the ethologic observations of the primates closest to the Man, and ethnological of sexuality in the various human society.

The best example of this model is the chimpanzee side paniscus (Bonobo). The bonobos daily practice many sexual activities which seem to have for principal motivation the pleasure. These " activities; érotiques" are bisexual , oral, genital and oro-genital. Bonobos also practice the masturbation, the use of objects, etc the majority of these " activities; érotiques" do not have any relationship with the reproduction, and only approximately a quarter of these activities are coitus vaginal.

In conclusion, this total model of the training of the driving sequences of the vaginal coitus seems to be, starting from the various scientific data currently known and available, the least bad model which it is possible to propose today and which makes it possible to explain the origin and the dynamics of the behavior allowing the reproduction like specifying the paramount bases of human sexuality.

References

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