Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover

Family

It was the fifth wire of the king George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte de Mecklembourg-Strelitz (1769 - 1818), (girl of Charles II of Mecklembourg-Strelitz). It accepted the title of prince to his birth. It was also General der Kavallerie (Prussia) and field Marshall (the United Kingdom).

Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover married, the May 29th 1815, Frederique de Mecklembourg-Strelitz, (1778 - 1841), (girl of the large-duke Charles III of Mecklembourg-Strelitz and Frederique Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt.

From this union was born:

Georges V of Hanover (1819 - 1878), last reigning king of Hanover.

Youth

Prince Georges Augustus was born the June 5th 1771 with the Palais from Buckingham. Its education was done with the palate. At the summer 1786, with his/her two young brothers, Adolphe and Auguste, the prince entered to the University of Göttingen.

Military career

With his brother, prince Adolphus Frederick, Ernest Augustus entered the army and accepted a military formation with the Hanover. He proved good aptitudes in horsemanship and was an excellent gunner in spite of his bad sight. After two months of formation, astonished by his rapids progress, his military instructor, the marshal von Freytag appointed it captain of cavalry. Georges III charms prowesses of his son, allowed him to remain in Hanover. In March 1792, the army named prince Ernest Augustus colonel of the 9th Dragons of Hanover. In 1793, it ordered the 1st brigade of cavalry. During the war of the First coalition, it was useful in Flanders under the command of his/her older brother, the prince Frederick, duke of York and Albany, then ordered the troops hanovriennes, English and Austrian. At the time of the Battle of Tourcoing, the May 18th 1794, it was reached with the left arm by a ball of gun, the prince accused the ball of gun to explain the blindness of its left eye. For their part, the doctors diagnosed a tumor. Prince Ernest Augustus passed his convalescence in Great Britain. In 1795, of return in continental Europe, it ordered the reserve army, at that time, it was the witness of the British retirement by the Netherlands. In 1798, its statute of royal prince, his great military competences gave access to him the rank of general lieutenant, then, in 1803, of general. The March 29th 1813, it was promoted brigadier Of 1801 with 1827, with the rank of honorary colonel, it was used for the 15th regiment of Dragons of the king, of 1827 with 1830 it was colonel with the royal horse Guards.

Duke of Cumberland

The August 29th 1799, Georges III titrated prince Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland, count d' Armagh. In 1786, Ernest-Augustus, duke of Cumberland became Chevalier of the Jumper, Chevalier of Saint-Patrick.

His/her older brother, Guillaume IV of the United Kingdom died the June 20th 1837, the duke of Cumberland inherited the throne of Hanover. Under the terms of the Salic law into force in the German States, his/her cousin, Victoria Ire of the United Kingdom could not inherit the throne hanovrien.

Marriage

The May 29th 1815, Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland married his cousin the princess Frederika de Mecklemburg-Strelitz, widow of Louis of Prussia (1773 - 1796) and of prince Frederick von Solms-Braunfels (1773 - 1796). Her future daughter-in-law being also her niece, Charlotte de Mecklemburg-Strelitz opposed this union.

Policy and popularity

Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland was not a very popular personality in Great Britain. Extreme conservative, it opposed the law emancipation catholques Romans proposed by Lord Arthur Wellesley de Wellington in 1828. He was also burning opposing to the law 1832.

Moreover, a rumor circulated in the kingdom showing Ernest Augustus, duke of Cumberland of assassination on its servant, although the version is allowed, the medical examiner made this statement: the servant would have tried to assassinate the duke, then would have opened itself the throat. Other rumors circulated about the duke of Cumberland, the crime of inceste with his/her sister, the princess Sophia Mathilde. It was also to carry another charge against the duke of Cumberland, that of the aggression of Sarah Lyndhurst, wife of Lord John Conley, 1st baron Lyndhurst. Certain historians allot its commérages to certain liberal political personalities (the duke was preserving), they tried with a certain success to criticize it.

A recent biography Bad Ernest suggests that the duke of Cumberland assassinated truly his servant and would have had his sister a son. To date, certain historians did not adopt this thesis yet.

King de Hanovre

The June 20th 1837, Guillaume IV died, his niece, the queen Victoria Ière, single child of Edward Augustus, duke of Kent and of Strathearn succeeded to him on the English throne. The salic law always into force with Hanover, Ernest-Augustus, duke of Cumberland was designated as legitimate heir to Guillaume IV. From this day, the two kingdoms were separate.

Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover heir to Victoria Anger of the United Kingdom

June 20th 1837 with the November 21st 1840, date of birth of the princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1840-1901), Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover was the heir to the Victoria queen. If Ernest-Auguste Ier of Hanover would inherit the English throne and would be in Hanover, an act was written allowing the Council senior officials to exert the power until the arrival of Ernest-Auguste Ier in Great Britain.

Ernest Auguste Ier of Hanover dealt very early with the news Constitution of the kingdom of Hanover, the first constitution, elaborate after the Congress of Vienna, was granted to Hanover by the prince of Wales in 1819. It was decided with the Ore baskets of Vienna that the electorate of Hanover became a kingdom, like viceroy of Hanover, Guillaume IV of the United Kingdom asked a complete reorganization of the government hanovrien. In 1833, Guillaume IV gave his assent to the development of a new constitution In 1837, at the time of its rise on the throne hanovrien, Von Falcke, a lawyer hanovrien advised Ernest Auguste the Ist king gathers a group of lawyers who confirmed the position of von Falcke. In November 1837, Ernest Auguste Ier revoked the constitution of Guillaume IV to which the civils servant had lent oath, the king of Hanover has considered it too liberal, and made published an act declaring the cancellation of this constitution, but confirmed the laws voted under his reign. The elections would continue as before 1833. The Cabinet required of all the civils servant (professors, including those of the universities) to make once again their oath of allegiance to the king. Seven professors of the university of Göttingen refused to lend oath and signed a letter of solemn protest against the decree of the king. In front of the refusal of the professors, among lesqeuls appeared the Grimm brothers, Ernest-Auguste Ier removed the stations of the recalcitrant professors and exiled of Hanover Jacob Grimm (one of the Grimm brothers). This business known as of the Seven of Göttingen (Göttingen Sieben) produced a great scandal in Germany. Among the seven professors, one was Hanovrien, it was allowed to him to remain in Hanover. The three expelled professors could return to Hanover during the last years of the reign of Ernest Auguste Ist.

The various actions of king de Hanovre seems to have caused the protests of the public opinion, the reason was perhaps due to the increase in the taxes. Ernest Auguste Ier accepted a delegation of citizens of Göttingen, which fearing to it Malayan student applauded the reference of the professors.

Ernest Auguste Ier modernized his kingdom. It made install lighting in the streets and made build a residential district with Göttingen. Thanks to the interest which Ernest Auguste Ier carried to the railroad, Hanover became an important railway junction.

Ernest Auguste Ier was a conscencieux king, it hardly left its kingdom and became very popular near its subjects. The kingdom of Hanover was not very affected by the Révolution of 1848, some small riots were repressed by the cavalry, but without damage. The king granted a new constitution.

Relation with England

In its capacity as duke of Cumberland, Ernest Auguste Ier had to make a serious decision concerning the oath of allegiance of to his/her niece, the queen Victoria Ire with the House of Lords. The Lord chancellor, Cuttemham declared that he would refuse to receive the oath of allegiance of to the queen by Ernest Auguste Ier as a foreign sovereign. Ernest Auguste Ier was presented to the House of Lords lent oath of allegiance before its departure for Hanover.

Immediately after its departure for its kingdom, Ernest Auguste Ier entered in conflict with Victoria Ire. The queen wished to have her mother near it, it asked her uncle to yield her apartments of the Saint-James palate to him to London in favor of the duchess of Kent. Ernest Auguste Ier wished to preserve his apartments in the cases of frequent visits in England, moreover, it was little laid out to yield its apartments in favor of a woman whom it had frequently fought with his brother Guillaume IV. He refused. Furibonde, the Victoria queen acquired of a house for his/her mother. This purchase took place at the time when the queen refunded the debts contracted by her father, she regarded the purchase of this house as an useless expenditure. Its resentment towards Ernest Auguste Ier did not stop there. Advised by his two younger brothers, the king of Hanover refused the preeminence of row dictated by the protocol with the prince Albert of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha, informant that the place held by the various royal families had been decided with the Congress of Vienna, the king of Hanover refused the unobtrusive one in front of prince Albert, it regarded it as a “royal paper highness”. Prince Albert came in second place after the queen only to the the United Kingdom. In 1843, at the time of a protocolar visit in England, it was accommodated warmly by the British people, except with the palate of Buckingham. With the marriage of the Augusta princess, Ernest Auguste Ier insisted to occupy the higher row in front of prince Albert of Saxony-Cobourg-Gotha. This one was arranged to register its name under that of his wife, without free space, the king of Hanover could not affix its signature. Ernest Auguste Ier did not hold of it any resentment towards prince Albert, it invited it to a walk in the park. Fearing crowd, prince Albert opposed it, Ernest Auguste Ier reassured it while answering him: “When I lived here, I was as unpopular as you are it and it worried me forever”.

During its visit, Ernest Auguste Ier was presented in the form of a duke of Cumberland to the House of Lords, it declared that it would not take part in the debates, unless the devil does not try it.

The sovereigns of the two kingdoms engaged in more than one argument, example: the jewels having belonged to the Charlotte queen were in possession of the queen Victoria, it declared that the jewels belonged to the British Crown; On its side, Ernest Auguste Ier estimated that the jewels belonged to the male heir, i.e. with itself. The dissension was settled by referees, but at the time when those returned their verdict, one of the referees died. In spite of a new request for arbitration of Ernest Auguste Ier, the Victoria queen refused and seizes each occasion to carry the jewels. In 1858, after a new arbitration, Georges V of Hanover is lived to give the jewels by the ambassador of Hanover.

Death of Ernest Auguste Ier of Hanover

After several months of disease, Ernest Auguste Ier of Hanover died in 1851. He was cried much by Hanovriens. He was buried in a mausoleum in the garden of the castle of Herrenhausen, his wife Frédéricke de Mecklembourg-Strelitz rests near him.

Genealogy

Ernest Auguste Ier of Hanover belongs to the Maison of Hanover, resulting from the Maison of Brunswick (Brunswick-Luneburg), itself resulting from the downward Maison of Este of the dukes of Toscane

Ernest Auguste Ier of Hanover is ascending current chief of the royal House of Hanover, the prince Ernest-Auguste of Hanover (1954-) (Ernest-Auguste V of Hanover).

Internal bonds

Georges II of Great Britain (paternal grandfather)

Charles Ier de Mecklembourg-Strelitz (maternal grandfather]

External bonds and sources

en.wikipedia.org

See too

Kingdom of Hanover
List of the sovereigns of Hanover
German Confederation

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