Erewhon

This page relates to the year 1683 Gregorian Calendrier.

Events

Americas

  • the Canada account approximately 10  000 French.
  • Cavelier of the Room on its return voyage extremely establishes new with the famished rock (Starved Rock) on the river Illinois, to replace strong Crèvecœur.

Africa

  • January 1st: Creation of the colony of Brandenburger Coast of Gold.
  • 26 - June 27th: Abraham Duquesne bombards Algiers and obtains the release of Christian prisoners. The French Consul, the father Jean the Cowherd perishes on the mouth of a gun with 20 of his compatriots.

Asia & Indian world

  • With the Japan, the Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, with the assistance of its main thing adviser Hotta Masayoshi (1634 - 1684), day before to make recognize the voice of the peasants legally: the complaints of the farmers and their legal actions owe beings carried in front of legal officers and either simply heard by the local lord. The law on the military households ( Buke shohattô ) is thus revised, the members of this one having hitherto right of life or of died on their managed.

  • the emperor Chinese Kangxi (K' ang-hsi) made the conquest of Formosa (Taiwan).

  • Tsangyang Gyatso becomes the 6th Dalai Lama (deceased in 1706).

    • the death of the 5th Dalai Lama Lobsang Gyatso (1682) is held secret by its regent, the desi Sangyé Gyatso (1653 - 1705), doctor and statesman. She will be announced only in 1696, with the fury of the emperor of the dynasty Qing, whose emissary were not informed at the time of their visits to the Tibet in particular in 1690, and especially Kahn of the Mongolian which showed Sangyé Gyatso to have thus wanted to keep the capacity for itself before killing it.

Europe

  • March 18th: Convention of $the Hague between United Provinces, Sweden and Spain for the maintenance of the treaties.
  • March 20th: Alliance of the king of Poland Jean Sobieski with the Austria, which promises an archduchess in marriage for her son Jacques Sobieski. Léopold of Austria will marry finally his/her daughter with the voter of Bavaria.
  • Spring: Second austro-Turkish war. Victorious offensive of the Othoman top dog Kara Mustafa in Hungary.
  • May: Charles V of Lorraine, with the head of 75  000 imperial, puts the seat in front of Ersékujvar but must beat a retreat in front of the Othomans who control the area of the Lac Balaton in June.
  • June 12th: The Rye House Stud , plot against the king Charles II of England is ventilated in Scotland. Repression makes a hundred victims.
  • June 25th: Kara Mustapha decides to go on Vienna with an army of 200  000 men come from Edirne and Belgrade, reinforced auxiliaries Tatars and troops of Thököly and Michel Apaffy of Transylvania.
  • While the Turks go up towards Vienna by Right Bank of the the Danube, the left bank falls under Thököly, joined by the majority of the Hungarians of the area.
  • July 14th: The Turkish army puts the seat in front of Vienna. Louis XIV informs Kara Mustapha that it will not send troops to defend the besieged city. It has the freehands at the borders of France. The emperor and the court are flee with Linz, entrusting the defense of the city to the 11  000 men of the count Ernest Rüdiger de Starhemberg.
    • the Imperial ones of Charles V of Lorraine were folded up in the north of the the Danube where they are joined by catholic quotas of princes of Germany after having crushed Thököly (65  000 men in all). The king of Poland Jean Sobieski, with the head of 27  000 men, takes with Nikolsburg the command of the whole of the Christian troops. It makes them cross the the Danube upstream of Vienna and concentrates 75  000 men behind the convent of the Wienerwald. Kara Mustafa establishes its camp in the west of the walls of the city and does not warn itself that tardily danger; it makes deploy 85  000 men between the village of Nussdorf and the the Danube.
  • September 12th:
    • Beginning of the reign of Pierre II, king of Portugal (fine in 1706).
    • Battle of Kahlenberg, gained by the Christians over the Turks, at the time of the Second head office of Vienna.
      • During the night of the 11 to the September 12th, Jean Sobieski makes occupy the two observatories of the Kahlenberg and the Leopoldsberg by its artillery. The September 12th at dawn, the Christians pass to the attack, progressing slowly through the cut hills of vineyards. About the evening, the hussard S Polish base heights on the Janissaire S and Othoman artillery, force the camp of the vizier, propagating panic. Besieged carry out on their side an exit, fascinating tortures the Othomans of them. Kara Mustafa must flee while a handle of Janissaire S resist all the night under the walls of Vienna. The following day, Jean Sobieski enters Vienna in jubilation, without awaiting the emperor who will hold rigor of it to him. The Othoman must raise the seat.
  • September: Decree banishing of the kingdom of the Portugal within two month all the new Christians who have summers reconciled by the Inquisition to have judaïsé. Many a Marranes leaves for the foreigner. Measurement will be suspended in 1704.
  • October 26th: The Spain, attacked with the Netherlands, declares the war with the France. Prompt victory of the armies of Louis XIV. The French take Courtrai (November 6th), Dixmude (November 10th) and Créqui besieges Luxembourg.
  • November 11th: The Austrians are again victorious Othomans with Szeged.
  • December 25th: The vizier Kara Mustafa, overcome, is strangled with Belgrade on order of the sultan.

  • Switzerland François-Jacob Lefort (1656 - 1699) is presented to the young tsar Pierre, of which he becomes the friend.

France

  • June: Resistance of the Protestants to the Dragonnades and the destruction of the temples under the direction of the lawyer Claude Brousson, of Isaac Honelet and Claude. They organize the camps of the Vivarais (July) and of Anduze (September).
  • September 6th: With died of Colbert, his/her son Colbert de Seignelay takes his post office with the head of the royal Navy and the House of the King.
  • 9 - October 10th: Louis XIV of France marries Madam de Maintenon in secrecy. This excessively pious woman will exert an influence of austerity on the Court.
  • December: Dragonnades in Vivarais.

  • Fleury becomes chaplain of the king.
  • Louvois becomes superintendent of the buildings, arts and manufactures.
  • a Letter patent of Louis XIV “frees” the Cagots, in exchange of a money large sum (intended to repurchase the taxes of which they were exempted until there).

Religion

Art & culture

See also: 1683 with the theater

  • Twelve Sonatas with three , of Purcell.
  • Fountains of Versailles of Delalande.

Sciences & technology

  • the Dutch biologist Antoine van Leeuwenhoek observes Bactérie S with the Microscope and publishes its drawings of Protozoaire S.
  • In 1683, takes place with Paris the first exposure of models of machines built by the Périer brothers. They are small-scale models of machines realized according to the drawings of some theaters of machines to which come to be added ten new inventions. See also technical Training.
  • Globes of Coronelli.
  • Description of the universe of Alain Manesson-Mallet.
  • Art to throw the bombs Blondel.

Economy & company

  • the French money supply (500 million books) is equivalent to 10,3% of European stock. This money supply will decline in the following decades.

  • With died of Colbert, its development policy economic and manufacturer survives to him until the Guerre of the League of Augsburg, which will force the capacity with a heavy taxation of war.
  • the French royal fleet counts 120 ship of the lines.
  • In France, 51% of the men are taught reading and writing in the cities.

Births in 1683

Death in 1683

Easter Day

Be-X-old: 1683 Map-bms: 1683

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