Environment in France

The environment in France is the object of regulations and policies and this since the 17th century.

The Charte of the environment was promulgated in 2005.

Policies

November 27th, 1946, CNPN is created by decree preparing the foundation of the seven National parks.

France and European Union

France does not take sufficiently counts of them the various stops of the European Court of justice which requires of him to apply several directing European Union S to environmental protection: bad application of the Directive birds (for the wild birds 1979), of the Directive habitats 1992, of the legislation on the discharge of dangerous substances in water and on waste of the vehicles out of use (stop of July 1st, 2004).

The European commission threatened France of financial sanctions if it did not apply these European directives better.

European judgments

The July 12th 2005, the European Court of justice condemned, at the request of the European commission, France with a fine for violation of the community legislation concerning the protection of fish stocks being likely to disappear . France must regulate a lump sum of 20 million euros to have failed " in a serious and persistent way to its Community obligations as regards fishing ". It must also pay 57,8 million additional euros for each period of six months violation moreover.

France had already been condemned for the same reason in 1991. The European Court of justice had then judged that France, had violated the rules concerning the grid of the nets and the sale of too small fish, intended measures to preserve the resources Halieutiques.

In July 2005, the European commission started continuations against France and 6 other Member States for defect of transposition of the directive of January 2003 concerning the access to environmental information

Some statistics

The French Institut of the environment updates a database of statistics on the environment

Atmospheric pollution

  • In 1990, the gases with greenhouse effect emitted in the atmosphere by France was of 568 million tons. In 2003, the figure dropped by 1,9% to 557 million tons including 137 million tons by transport and 102 million tons by the habitat.

Water pollution

A study carried out by the national Muséum of natural history of Paris gives a report on a bad water quality in France: according to the estimates of his report/ratio (June 2005), more half of the " masses of surface water and underground are seriously dégradées" by agricultural or industrial pollutants. In detail:
  • 1/4 of the water masses is in a probable good state,
  • 1/4 are at the risk,
  • less than 1/4 are " category; doute" ,
  • more than 1/4 is artificial or strongly modified water.
The area most touched by the water pollution is Artois-Picardy.

Energies

France is the second nuclear energy producer of the world behind the United States.

Distribution of the production of total primary energy:

  • consumption of energy per capita and per annum, in 2000: 3,7 tons oil equivalent (in increase of 35% since 1973).

  • With the beginning of the year 2005, the French wind farm counted 629 wind S. France with its DOM produced 386 megawatts what represented less than 1% of its total electricity consumption. The first producing area was the Languedoc-Roussillon (17 parks and 64 machines), followed by the Brittany, the Corsica , the Rhone-Alps and the Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Industries

  • industries in France reject from 45% to 50% of the gas emissions with greenhouse effect total of the country. Transport accounts for as for them 22% of the gas emissions with greenhouse effect, as for the dwellings their emissions turn in the neighborhoods of 20-25%.

Agriculture

  • Irrigation
In 1997, more than 20.000 km ² of grounds are irrigated, that is to say approximately 7% of useful agricultural surface. According to Le Figaro of June 21st, 2005, irrigated agricultural surface did not cease increasing, passing from 1,1 million hectares in 1988 and to 1,6 million in 2000. According to Le Monde of August 9th, 2005, 2,63 million arable hectares of lands is irrigated in 2000 against 0,8 million in 1970. That represents an increase in irrigated surfaces of 229% in 30 years. 5,7% of agricultural surface used (SAU) are irrigated, in particular the pieces planted in Maïs. The areas concerned with intensive watering are the Aquitaine, the valley of the the Rhone, the Beauce, the Pays of the Loire and the Poitou-Charentes.

  • In 2003, the grounds devoted to the Organic farming accounted for 18% of the surface cultivateds of the country. 70% of the products bio consumed in France are imported. France is the second consumer of the world of Pesticide S.

Transport

  • In 2003, two thirds of the Automobile S sold roll to the Gazole. The Biocarburant S account for only 0,7% of the national Consommation. McDonald's France makes collect all waste oils of its restaurants to produce, after Recyclage, of the Biocarburant. France produces each year approximately 300.000 tons of Diester.

Recycling of waste

Volume of waste produced per annum and per capita reached in 2006 360 kg and does not cease increasing.

Water

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