Enteric Nervous system

The enteric nervous system is the part of the autonomous Nervous system which controls the digestive Système as well for the motor activity (Péristaltisme and Vomissement S) as for secretions and vascularization. The Neurogastroentérologie which is the study of the enteric nervous system made many progress at the end of the years 1990.

The enteric nervous system consists of two ganglionic plexuses which extends over the entire length from the digestive Tract: the plexus myenteric, which are between the longitudinal muscles and the circular muscles, and the submuqueux plexus, located between the latter and the intestinal mucous membrane. The first controls motricity and the second secretions.

Although it is in interaction with the other parts of the autonomous Nervous system, the enteric system functions independently of the other nerve centres. The two plexuses which composes it form a reticular fabric, i.e. organized in Réseau of cells densément connected the ones to the others without another particular structure, just like the Cerveau, from where its English name: brain gut (literally: visceral brain). It is connected to the central Nervous system via the Vagus.

The enteric system comprises approximately 200 million Neuron S (thousand times less than the brain, but as much as the spinal-cord) distributed on the two plexuses myenteric and submuqueux which one can categorize in four distinct types: sensitive neurons, effector neurons and interneurones.

  • the sensitive neurons can be of mechanic type, thermo, or chémorécepteurs
  • the effector neurons can be of type driving or glandular. The driving neurons are at the origin of two types of movements: rhythmic rates which constitute the Péristaltisme and the movements reflexes in answer to a stimulation of the sensitive neurons. The glandular neurons control secretion.

One finds within the enteric system the main part of the Neurotransmetteur S of the central Nervous system (Sérotonine, Acétylcholine, Noradrénaline, GABA,…).

Bonds

Related articles

Sources

  • the ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM, Anne FROBERT, BLOG PARKEMEDIA, May 13rd, 2005
  • " Enteric nervous system". David Grundy, Michael Schemann. Current Opinion in Gastroenterology , 2005,21:176 - 182

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