Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (born the September 29th 1901 with Rome and deceased the November 28th 1954 with Chicago) is famous a Italian Physicien rewarded for a Nobel Prize of physics in 1938 for its work in nuclear physics. Its research will be used as base with the exploitation of the nuclear energy thereafter. He was also prize winner of the Médaille Hughes in 1942, of the Franklin Médaille in 1947 and of the Prix Rumford in 1953.

Biography

Enrico Fermi is born the September 29th 1901 with Rome. He is the third child of a family originating in Plaisance. Good pupil, it impassions himself very quickly for physics and mathematics and starts to study various works which it buys and which deal of mechanics, optics, astronomy and acoustics. A friend of its father, engineer Adolfo Amidei, which becomes aware of qualities out of the commun run of the Fermi young person, lends various works treating of mathematics to him. Thus, at 17 years, Fermi controls the analytical Geometry the projective Géométrie, the Infinitesimal calculus and integral and the mechanics.

As from October 1918, Fermi studies with the Université of Pisa within the National university of Pisa. As with its practice, he only studies various problems of Mathematical physics and consults with this care of the works of Poincaré, Poisson or Appel. As from 1919 Fermi is interested in the new theories like the Relativité or the atomic Physique, thus acquires a great knowledge of theories such: the restricted Relativity, the black Body or the model of the Hydrogen of Bohr. Thus Fermi the only one at the university with the fact of these theories arrives from there on the insistence of its professors to give conferences where they expose to the professors and the assistants the last discoveries of atomic Physique.

In January 1922 after 4 years spent to the university, Fermi publishes its first article which treats General relativity. In a hostile Italian scientific community with work of Einstein, Fermi is one of rare with Levi-Civita to defend the theory of relativity.

In 1922, Fermi obtains its diploma of end of study after having presented a report on the Diffraction of the X-rays.

He attends then various physicists of high ranking in Italy of the time, before becoming during two years lecturer at the university of Florence. He becomes thereafter professor of Theoretical physics in 1926 with Rome. It is during this period which it will develop the statistical theory Quantique that one will call later the statistics of Fermi Dirac.

Starting from 1932 it more precisely turns to the Nuclear physics, and it is this same year that it writes an article on the Radioactivité β. In 1934, it develops its theory on the emission of radiation beta and is directed towards the creation of artificial radioactive Isotopes by bombardment of slow Neutron S.

With the beginning of the Second world war, Fermi emigrates in the United States the January 2nd 1939 with all its family and teaches with Columbia with his/her colleague Leó Szilárd. They work then together at the university of Chicago to the development of a Atomic pile. It is there that the December 2nd 1942 is made a success of the initial chain reaction controlled of fission created by the man. It is the advent of the first Nuclear reactor. He works then with the National laboratory of Los Alamos until the end of the Second world war within the Projet Manhattan. He will be named citizen states-unien in 1945 in reward of his work on the atomic bomb.

In 1946 it accepts the post of professor within the INS ( Institute for Nuclear Studies ) which will become later the institute Enrico-Fermi created by the university of Chicago. It is in its honor that the reward Enrico-Fermi will be created, which will be decreed starting from 1954 certain years in reward of work or exceptional projections in the energy field. It will pass the remainder of its life to Chicago.

He dies the November 28th 1954 of a Cancer of the Estomac at the 53 years age.

Work

Statistical of Fermi-Dirac
Theory of the Disintegration β
Discovered slow neutrons

Associated topics

Nuclear physics
Atomic bomb
Level of Fermi
Surface of Fermi
Atom of Thomas-Fermi
Paradox of Fermi
Price Enrico Fermi

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