Enosis
The word Enosis (Ένωσις) is the Greek word for union. It refers now especially to the unification of Cyprus in Greece which had become a goal of the Greek political foreign affairs during the English colonization of Cyprus (1878-1960). But the enosis had initially been the goal of the Grande Idea in general: to link in Greece the various areas considered as Greek. With the turning of, the goal of the enosis was thus the fastening of the Crete.
The case of Cyprus
In 1864, the British government had envisaged to yield the islands Ioniennes, which they had managed for fifty years, with the kingdom of Greece. This was lived by the partisans of the enosis like a precedent favorable to the transfer of Hellenic territories in Greece after one period of British administration.
The movement gains ground in the years 1940 and 1950. In 1954, at the instigation of the Cypriot leader and archbishop Makarios {{III}}, Greece raises the question in the United Nations, by preaching a Cypriot referendum, which would be announced without any doubt like largely favorable to Enosis.
In 1955, is formed the movement discussed EOKA (Cypriot National organization of fight), the purpose of which was to support Enosis by actions of guerilla. However, of the negotiations tended between the Greece, the Turkey and the the United Kingdom lead to a fragile Cypriot independence in 1960. New president Makarios, enthusiastic in the past defender of the cause of Enosis, seems from now on to give up it, with the profit of a more neutral foreign politics.
During the presidential campaign preceding the elections by 1968, Makarios presents desirable Enosis like , vis-a-vis an independence which is it possible . This differentiates it from the radicals pro-enosis founders of the EOKA-B, which takes part then in a coup d'etat against him in 1974, supported by the Greek military government, then called the Dictature of the colonels. This coup d'etat fails and starts the invasion of Cyprus by the Turkey, eager to protect the populations of Turkish culture present in the island, and contributes to the fall of the Athenian mode.
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