Ennius

Currency

Unguibus and Rostro (By the nozzle and the nails)

Geography

Situation

Its geographical location places Valence in the center of the meridian axis of the valley of the the Rhone, with the outlet of the valley of the Isere, access road towards the the Alps. Located at a few kilometers in the south of the parallel 45e, the city is often indicated as the carries Midi .
The city from now on is established on four alluvial terraces which are staged on left bank of the the Rhone:

lowest, which is closest to the river, where was the districts of fishermen and marines;
the intermediate terrace, with the shelter of believed of the river, where developed the historical city, initially inside its ramparts, then outside;
the third terrace strongly urbanized in second half of the {{XXe}} century;
highest, called plate of Lautagne where a pole of technological activities since the end of the {{XXe}} century develops.

Climate

Valence profits from a moderate climate whose main feature is an almost permanent wind which blows along the Rhone-native corridor. Baptized mistral when it comes from north, it brings good weather and freshness in summer, but an impression of freezing cold in winter. When it comes from the south, it generally announces the arrival of rainy disturbances. It is called then the wind of midday or the wind of insane the because for certain people, it makes the atmosphere painful to support, especially in summer.

It is really starting from Valence that one feels the influence of the Mediterranean climate with a high annual sunning (approximately 2300 heures/an). The winters are fresh and luminous, which makes city a climatic crossroads between continental and Mediterranean influences. The thermal amplitude is thus strong. Thus, the average temperature of the coldest month (January) is of 4°C. A contrario, the summers, typically Mediterranean, are hot and dry. The average temperature of July is of 22°C.

The vegetation changes in the south of the parallel 45e. While coming from north, the Mediterranean first garrigues and green oak groves are thus visible starting from Valence (hill of Crussol). The olive-tree, a little less rustic, appears truly only on the level of Montélimar.

Annual pluviometry is rather high: approximately 900mm per annum. The rains are particularly important in May and in autumn (in October, monthly pluviometry is of more than 100mm).

History

The Gentilé correspondent in Valence is Valentinois , but the “Valentinois” indicates also one of old the Provinces of France having for capital Valence and belonging to the province of the Dauphiné.

Antiquity

If some studies let think that the site of the current city could accommodate the capital of the people of the Segallauni at the time préromaine, Valence was probably founded by the Romains in 121 av. J. - C., at the time of the war of conquest carried out by the consul Quintus Fabius, under the Latin name of quoted Valentia meaning “vigorous”. Become, thanks to its situation, the largest crossroads of ways after Lyon, it develops quickly to become a city covered of monuments, according to the historian Ammien Marcellin who writes: “the most beautiful cities of the valley of the Rhone by the richness of their monuments are: Vienna, Valence and Arles”.

the Middle Ages

The city, with the shelter of believed of the river and protected by its ramparts is a stage on the road of the pilgrimages towards Compostelle. The religious life becomes animated, the cathedral Saint-Apollinaire is built as well as the abbey of the canons of Saint-Ruf. Two important characters dispute the capacity on the city: the bishop and the count of Valentinois.
The Rhone is sometimes presented like the border between the kingdom of France and the Saint Germanic Roman Empire of which Valence forms part, until the 15th century, but it is especially a hyphen between the various countries which border it. Évêché of Valence, just like the rival principality, the county of Valentinois-Diois, extend besides on two banks. It is also axis commercial important, in particular for salt, that of which will benefit the city which keeps some like traces the street name “Salt box”, formerly name from the one of the four doors of Valence, that which gave to Sud.
The economic advancement results in the development of boroughs, especially on the side of the Rhone: the River ( Riperia ) known as today, less poetically, “low-city”; the New City, in the North of the old Pomperi door; and the Bourg-saint-Pierre, formed around the Saint-Pierre abbey, which generated the current commune of Borough-the-Valence. Elsewhere, on the average terrace, the habitat out-the-walls is associated with the religious foundations: the commandery of Hospital Carries Tourdéon, the abbey Saint-Felix Porte Saint-Sulpice, the commandery templière in Faventines, the priory Benedictine of Saint-Victor in the South near old the Via Agrippa , and perhaps, more in the South still, a leper-house whose memory is transmitted by the channel of the “Maladière”.
After the disappearance of the county of Valentinois, incorporated in Dauphine, the dolphin Louis II can impose the homage to the bishop and the abbot of Saint-Ruf (free abbot and immunist): Valence is thus incorporated in Dauphiné.
Second half of the 15th century and the beginning of the 16th century constitute a golden age for the medieval city, materialized by the House of the Heads and the Pendentive one. Founded the July 26th 1452 by the Louis dolphin, future Louis XI, the university of Valence quickly developed. Professors of reputation come from various countries, such Jacques Cujas forged his reputation by teaching the right, theology, medicine and arts.

The Louis dolphin made of many stays in Valence which, as a sign of allegiance, makes him gift of a door of the city, the carries Saunière and of some houses around. It makes of it a thereafter occupied palate delphinal by the religious order of the Récollets. This time is completed brutally at the time of the occupation of the city by the troops of the baron of the Adrets: all the religious buildings of Valence partially or are completely destroyed.

Rebirth

François Rabelais studies in 1532 there.

Charles IX passes in the city at the time of royal sound Tour de France (1564 - 1566), accompanied by the Cour and Large by the kingdom: his/her brother the duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, cardinal of Bourbon and Lorraine.

The university disappears in 1792 to reappear at the end of the 20th century.

20th century

After the Armenian genocide between 1918 and 1921, from many Armenians came to take refuge in France. Valence accommodated a certain number of it. Today, 10% of Valentinois are of origin Arménie, which does not make Armenian community of Valence one of most important of France.

During the Second world war, Valence undergoes several allied air raids, intended to destroy the bridge on Rhône.
The August 15th 1944, the bombs destroy several districts and buildings of the city, making 280 victims. Prefecture of the time, it remains only the gate, carefully preserved since. Four days later, the August 19th 1944, a German train charged with Nitroglycérine explodes, destroying the district of Palla mainly and making 335 victims among the civilians, the soldiers and the résistants.
The northern part of Valence, thus almost shaven, was rebuilt and one finds there today many administrative buildings such as the prefecture, the general treasury, the social security, the post office and the police headquarters.

Economy

Agroalimentary (Fruit S, Vegetable S, Wine S);
Metallurgy;
Mechanical engineering;
Electronic/Electronic money/Automatisms.

Valence is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of Drome. It manages the port and the Aéroport of Valence - Chabeuil.

Transport and communications

The city occupies a key position, in the center of the valley of the Rhone.

The '' highway of the sun '' connects it to Lyon (100 km in north), with Avignon (110 km in the south), then with Marseilles (212 km in the south).
L' highway A49 connects it to Grenoble (90 km in the east).
On the other hand, the relations with the cities of the Massif Central are more difficult: the roads are very sinuous.

To Valence, the highway A7 skirts the the Rhone and thus crosses the city while cutting it of the river. A project of highway skirting of the east city being studied.

Principal the other infrastructures relating to transport are:

In all the agglomeration, a service of bus called CTAV (Company of transport of the agglomeration valentinoise) controlled by Valence Major whose exploitation is entrusted to Véolia Transport Valence (VTV) since July 2006. Since January 1st, 2007, a new plan of the network is in service, with like slogan " Let us change ère".

the Station of Valence-City, whose role was centred on regional transport since the startup of the station TGV;
the Station of Valence TGV, on the line LGV the Mediterranean, located at 10 km of the downtown area;
the marina of the Hawkweed which comprises 420 stations of mooring;
the Airport of Valence - Chabeuil, located on the commune of Chabeuil, which does not accommodate a regular line.

Bridges of Valence

The various successive bridges of Valence, by chronological order, are:

the bridge of wood at the time Gallo-Roman. Destroyed, it was not replaced before 1827 (from where the name of Pompéry, of perished bridge , not given to a street of Borough-the-Valence close to its site);
the footbridge Seguin built starting from 1827 (two years after that of Tain - Tournon, which was the first footbridge of this type installed in France) and delivered to circulation in 1830;
the bridge hones some going back to 1905, destroyed in August 1944 by an American bombardment during the Second world war;
the temporary bridge which replaced it during more than 20 years;
the bridge Frederic Mistral completed in 1967 and always in service.

The bridge of the Lône S inaugurated the December 18th 2004, located at the south of the agglomeration, is, finally, the “second bridge” of Valence, awaited a long time to attenuate the problems of circulation between two banks of Rhône.
During the long periods when no bridge was available, a Trail ferry made it possible to cross the Rhone. On Right Bank, with Guilherand-Barns, an old pile used by this vat is still drawn up.

Teaching

10 colleges (Paul-Valéry; Camille Vernet; St-Anne…), 4 traditional colleges (Institution Notre-Dame, St-Victor, Emile Loubet…), 6 colleges of vocational training (Providence, Victor Hugo…), 1 college of technical education, 1 tertiary general-purpose college, 1 industrial technological college.
University Joseph Fourier
University Pierre Mendès-France
University Stendhal
IUT (Academic institute of Technology).
IUP (Professionnalisé Academic institute).
ESISAR (University of Engineers in Advanced systems the Rhone-Alps) depend on INPG (Grenoble).
IUFM
CPGE (Preparatory classes at the Universities) scientific and economic with the college Camille Vernet.
regional School of the Art schools.
School of Management and Trade (EGC)
Training institute in Care Male nurses Hospital
the Explosives magazine - School of cartoon film

Gastronomy

“Switzerland” is a cookie in paste sanded in the shape of catch, with powder of almond and orange bark. The name, the shape and the decoration of this cookie are inspired by the uniform of the Swiss guards of the Pape Pie VI deceased with Valence.
the “Pogne” is a brioche in the shape of crown scented with the flower of orange tree. Its name is drawn from the “handle” of Farine used for its clothes industry. It is a speciality of the town of Romans which one also finds in Valence.
the “saint-Genix” is a brioche with dress, of lengthened form which is also manufactured with Romans.
fruits: fishings, Apricot S, kiwis.
Dragee of Valence.

Administration

|- | align=right| since the April 8th 2004 || Léna Balsan ||align=" center" | UMP || |- | align=right| June 19th 1995 with the April 7th 2004 || Patrick Labaune ||align=" center" | UMP || |- | align=right| March 18th 1977 at June 18th 1995 || Rodolphe Pesce ||align=" center" | PS || |- | align=right| March 27th 1971 at March 17th 1977 || Ribadeau-Dumas ||align=" center" | RPR |- | align=right| September 25th 1957 at March 26th 1971 || Jean Partridge ||align=" center" | Radical socialist |- | align=right| October 26th 1947 at September 24th 1957 || Camille Vernet ||align=" center" | Radical socialist |- | align=right| August 31st 1944 at October 25th 1947 || Jean Buclon ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| February 3rd 1934 at August 30th 1944 || Rene Pècherot ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| October 23rd 1928 at February 2nd 1934 || Jules Algoud ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| October 10th 1919 at October 22nd 1928 || Henri Partridge ||align=" center" | Radical socialist |- | align=right| May 10th 1896 at October 9th 1919 || Henri Chalamet ||align=" center" | || |- | align=right| September 23rd 1894 at May 9th 1896 || Jean-François Malizard ||align=" center" | ||

Demography

Garrison town

Since the installation in 1773 of the regiment of infantry of Fère, Valence was the place of quartering of many units militaires.
Of 1852 with 1875, an artillery school, installed by Bonaparte under the Consulate then removed in 1828, is rétablie.
The 6 {{E}} regiment of artillery is confined with the Chareton barracks which will be destroyed during the Second world war.
In 1879, the 5 {{E}} regiment of hunters with horse settles in the lately built barracks, which occurred of Romans.
In 1948, the 404e Régiment of anti-aircraft artillery settles with the district of the Turn-Maubourg, then in 1951 the 477e Groupe of light anti-aircraft artillery to the Bacquet barracks. In 1955, 477e G.A.A.L is attached to the 404e R.A.A. which will be dissolved in 1964. The 75 {{E}} regiment of infantry occupies for a long time the barracks Bacquet and since 1984, the 1 {{er}} regiment of spahis settled there.

Famous characters

Holy Felix, priest, sent in preaching by the holy bishop Irenee of Lyon, with Fortunat and Achillée, is regarded as the founder of the first church of Valence, at the 2nd century. An elementary school of the downtown area bears its name. Felix saint and his two companions would have been martyrisés into 212.
Marie Aymar, said Teyssonier, more known under the name of Marie de Valence, born in 1576 and died in 1648, is a character Mystique, almost forgotten today, but whose fame at the time arrives to the court of the king Louis XIII which visits him in person.
Louis Chuck, famous smuggler, called the “gangster in the large heart”, condemned to death, was coiled sharp, place of the Clerks, the May 26th 1755 in front of several thousands of spectators.
Balthazar Baro, writer, born in 1596 in Valence, died in 1650 in Paris. It is the first valentinois elected with the French Academy in May 1636.
Alexandre Camille Taponier, major general, born in 1749 in Valence, died in 1831 with Paris. It was illustrated in 1789, then simple sergeant, by taking the head of the attack at the time of the catch of the Bastille.
the Pope Black and white VI, died the August 29th 1799 with Valence, at the 81 years age.
Jean-Etienne Vachier says Championnet (1762 - 1800), general of Empire was born in Valence the April 13rd 1762. Its statue by Victor Sappey, inaugurated in September 1848, rises on the Champ de Mars. It was descended from its pedestal the April 5th 1944 to be buried in the court of the museum until the end of the war, in order to avoid the requisition of metal by the German occupants.
Simon-Antoine de directing Sucy as a chief of the Armed with Italy, born in Valence the June 19th 1764, died with Augusta (Sicily) in 1799.
Jean-Pierre Bachasson, count de Montalivet (1766 - 1823), Par of France and statesman, Minister of Interior Department of Napoleon i. Its statue is drawn up on the Montalivet place. He was elected mayor in 1795.
His/her son, Camille Bachasson, count de Montalivet (1801 - 1880), Par of France and statesman, Minister of Interior Department of Louis-Philippe Ier. The alley Camille de Montalivet was named in its honor.
Jean Joseph Frederic Albert Farre, general and Minister for the war, born the May 5th 1816 in Valence and deceased the March 24th 1887 with Paris.
Crow Trumelet, military writer, born with Rheims in 1817, died in Valence in 1892.
Emile Augier, poet and playwright, born the September 17th 1820 in Valence and died the October 25th 1889 in the Croissy-on-Seine.
Desired Bancel, lawyer and appointed, born in 1822 with Lamastre and died the January 23rd 1871 in Lamastre.
Louis Roller, poet, novelist and librettist, born in Valence the February 14th 1835 and deceased the October 16th 1898 in Paris.
Edmond Ponsoye, Theologist Protestant, born in 1880 in Valence and died in 1954 in Crest. Pasteur, Historian of Protestantism, wire of Isidore Ponsoye, Merchant of Wines with Valence and Marie Dorsival.
the poet Louis Cardonnel, born in Valence the February 22nd 1862 and died in Avignon the May 28th 1936.
Paul-Jacques Bonzon, writer, born the August 31st 1908 with Holy-Marie-of-Mount, deceased the September 24th 1978 with Valence.
Paul Ricœur, philosopher, born the February 27th 1913 in Valence and deceased the May 20th 2005 with Châtenay-Malabry.
Catherine Langeais, presenter of French television, born the August 9th 1923 in Valence, dead the April 23rd 1998.
Jacques Tardi, draftsman of Cartoon, born the August 30th 1946 in Valence.
Alain Robert, climbing urban, sometimes called Spider-Man, born in Valence the April 7th 1962.
Anne-Sophie Peak, (born in 1969 in Valence), Large chief cook 3 stars with the Guide Michelin since 2007 of the " house Peak " of Valence, three times 3 stars with Andre Pic since 1934 and Jacques Peak since 1973.
Sebastien Chabal, international rugby player French, born the December 8th 1977 in Valence.
Bertrand international Gille, French of Handball, pivot of HSV Hamburg, born in Valence the March 24th 1978
Guillaume Gille, older brother of above mentioned, the international French of Handball, center-half of HSV Hamburg, born in Valence the July 12th 1976

Tourist monuments and places

Downtown

the house of the heads , built between 1528 and 1532 by Antoine de Dorne, Consul of Valence, professor at the university, whose frontage Renaissance comprises several carved heads representing the winds, fortune and time.
the pendentive , building of Renaissance inspiration, which is probably the monument of Nicolas Mistral, canon of the Saint-Apollinaire cathedral, seems built in 1548, according to a engraved stone carrying an inscription going in this direction. This monument was transformed, after the Révolution, out of bar. It was repurchased by the town of Valence towards 1830 and was belonged to the first monuments registered with the national inventory of the historic buildings, after a visit of Prosper Mérimée in Drome.
the house of Pra private mansion 15th century property of Claude commercial rich Frére who was first president of the Parliament of Grenoble.
the church Jean-Baptiste Saint and his turn-porch Romance (11th century and 12th century).
the market hall.
the Theater with Italian the going back to 1837 recently renovated.
the cathedral Saint-Apollinaire of Romance style, which was set up at the 11th century.
the temple Saint-Ruf, old vault of a Romance priory.
the place of the Clerks , bordered of coloured frontages.

the Champ de Mars , broad raised esplanade, renovated in 2001, from where the glance carries beyond the Rhone until the Château of Crussol, with the avant-garde of the mounts ardéchois.
the bandstand builds in 1890 which was used as model to the draftsman Raymond Peynet for immortaliser his in love, and which carries since the name of kiosk Peynet .
the Dupre hotel the Tower (16th century) comprising a remarkable turret of staircase.
the station, carried out in 1866 by the architect Jules Mussel bed, whose frontage takes as a starting point the Grand Trianon of Versailles.
the tower water of Philolaos Tloupas (1969 1971), built between 1963 and 1971 is located in the park Jean Perdrix. He consists of two towers bored with the high purified lines of 52 and 57 meters which combine functionality and artistic research. In 1981, it obtained the “Price of the district of the Clock” rewarding the best urban work of art for the Années 1970.
the park Jouvet , public garden of 7 hectares created in 1905 and inaugurated by the president Emile Loubet bears the name of Theodore Jouvet, giver of the ground, and comprises more than 700 various gasoline trees.
the town hall, inaugurated in 1894 comprising a traditional frontage, decorated of a belfry and a roof to the coloured tiles.
the museum of the fine art created in 1850 and installed in the old one évêché since 1911 which shelters a hundred drawings of Hubert Robert of which many Sanguine S.
Moorish the house known as Moorish with Ferlin , name of its owner, built in 1858 and of Eastern inspiration.
a network of 40 km channels including 8 km accessible to the walkers.
the center of the Armenian inheritance.
the boulevards, broad walk, traced on the old site of the ramparts and broadside of buildings of style “Hausmannien”, whose restoration is envisaged of 2004 to 2009

With the surroundings

ruins of the Castle of Crussol.
the archeological site of Let us be.
the tower of Crest.
the ideal palate of the factor Horse of Hauterives

Sports

Football: the Sports association of Armenian Origin of Valence, put in compulsory liquidation in August 2005, is replaced since by the Sports association of Valence.
Handball : the Team of the VHB evolves/moves in the Championnat of France of handball of Main road 1.
Hockey: the Lynx of Valence evolve/move in the Championnat of France of hockey D1.
Rugby: the Valence sportsman, created in 1905, evolves/moves in championship of France, division Fédérale 1
Cyclisme: Valence was town of arrival of the 11th stage of the Tour de France 1996, with the victory of the Colombian Jose Jaime Gonzalez.

Twinnings

References

Andre Blanc, Valence , Editions SAEP, Colmar-Ingersheim, 1973.
Andre Blanc, Valence through the men , Editions SOREPI, Valence, 1975.
Robert Bornecque, History of Valence and its area: Die - Crest , Horvath Editions, Roanne.

See too

Common of Drome

External bonds

the site of SIA CTAV OF Valence
the site of the town hall of Valence
Of the routes to visit Valence
the free commune of the district Midsummer's Day
Valence on the site of the national geographical Institute
Valence on the site of INSEE
Valence on the site of Quid
Localization of Valence on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Valence on Mapquest
Site of the Joint committee of Valence
Official site of the CTAV

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