Engine of power to coolant and moderating water

The engine of power to coolant and moderating water , shortened VVER translates of Russian Vodaa Vodiannee Energititscherski Reactor , or WWER translates of English Water Toilets Energy Reactor , is a Pressurized water reactor Russian. Five generations of engines VVER follow one another, named according to the unit power and the model.

Contrary to the REFERENCE MARKS, the steam generators are horizontal, the pressure and the temperature being lower.

The VVER 440 have 6 loops primary, the VVER 1000 and 640 have 4 of them.

VVR-440

One distinguishes two types of engines VVER-440. The old series VVER-440/230 and more recent model VVER-440/213. There exists moreover one version adapted to the Finnish requirements of safety for the central of Loviisa. Like all the pressurized water reactors, the VVER-440 uses water for the cooling and the production of vapor like for the moderation of the reaction. The fuel is dioxide of little enriched Uranium. One of the characteristics of the VVER-440/230 is the construction of double blocks with a control unit and a common room of the turbines.

Compared to the Western standards, the VVER are considered to be defective on the following points:

few Redundancy of the installations of safety,
not of containment of the engine,
in the event of rupture of a conduit of cooling, cooling cannot be assured.

The modernized version 440/213 profited from improvements on these points. Thus, emergency cooling is from now on sufficient. Moreover, the security systems have triple redundancy. Fire protection measurements were clearly improved.

Engines VVER-440/213 are inter alia with Dukovany, Bohunice, Mohovce and Paks, of engines VVER-440/230 to Bohunice. Engines VVER-440/213 require a main effort to correspond to the standards of safety of the European Union. Engines VVER-440/230 cannot be modernized.

VVER-1000

The VVER-1000 takes again the concept of the VVER-440 all while modernizing it and by improving safety, in particular by the introduction of a containment around the engine. It produces from now on 1000MW. Engines VVER-1000 are modernisables to correspond to the European standards. One must especially change the instrumentation of engine and install more powerful computers. Moreover, some contructives transformations are advised.

Engines VVER-1000 are amongst other things with the Nuclear plant of Temelín in Tchéquie.

See too

List of the nuclear reactors

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