Enghien-the-Baths

Geography

Description

Enghien-the-baths is at the southernmost outlet of the Vallée of Montmorency largely urbanized today (: 300000 inhabitants), at the point where the valley is tightened between two flat-topped outliers: the ridges of Orgemont to the south, and the hillock carrying the town of Montmorency in north. This tightening caused the concentration of the rus escaping from the Forêt of Montmorency and the Buttes of Parisis to give rise to the Lac of Enghien, at the origin of the commune.

The city is bordering on: Montmorency, Mourning-the-Bars, Saint-Gratien and Soisy-sous-Montmorency in the department of the Val-d'Oise and Épinay-sur-Seine in the department close to the Seine-Saint-Denis.

Communal surface is only of 177 ha, including 43 ha of lake. The suburban habitat is prevalent with Enghien-the-Baths, occupying 49,8% of communal surface. This habitat mainly consists of middle-class properties of the 19th century, in particular on banks of the lake and Boulevard Coat, and more rarely, of contemporary villas. It surrounds a downtown area centered on the commercial street of General-of-Gaulle and the railway Paris-Station of North - Pontoise, made up of a collective habitat of small or average dimension (buildings from four to five floors generally) and of a continuous habitat low of the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. The city does not comprise districts officially delimited with the clean character considering its small dimension, nor of zone of activity, its vocation remaining since its creation in 1850 primarily residential and commercial. Enghien does not have either great collectives nor of great units.

Communication network

The commune is crossed in its center by RD 311 (Argenteuil - Sarcelles) and is tangentée in north by RD 928 (Saint-Denis - Hérouville) which forms the communal limit with Montmorency. These two road axes have a medium-heavy trafic and primarily room, but made difficult in rush hours by their limited width (two streets with side parking) and by the crossing in one way of the center of Enghien-the-Baths for RD 311.

These various terrestrial infrastructures have an impact raised sometimes enough in sound term of Pollution according to the regulation. The principal road ways are classified of category 3 (Street of General-of-Gaulle between the avenue of Belt and the limit of Épinay-sur-Seine, street of Malleville in downtown area, avenue of Division-Leclerc) or 4 (Avenue of Belt, avenue of Enghien, streets of the departure, of the arrival, which occurred Beauséjour and Carlier), of moderate level.

On the other hand two infrastructures are classified of category 2 (high). The first is the street of General-of-Gaulle in downtown area, between the avenue of Belt and the avenue of Division-Leclerc (RD 928). The second is the Paris-Pontoise railway which crosses the commune. The sound impact of the latter however remains moderate considering the traffic exclusively of suburbs (no train of broad outlines nor of goods in normal situation).

Enghien has small a Pedestrian precinct arranged in downtown area at the same time as ZAC Robert Schuman at the beginning of the Années 1990. This zone is baptized the “village of Enghien”. The city comprises a cycle track, arranged along the Boulevard of the Lake. The progressive continuity of this installation is envisaged banks of the lake to the Forêt of Montmorency on seven kilometers, through the communes of Soisy-sous-Montmorency, Eaubonne and Montlignon.

Contrary to the majority of the cities which developed around an old core, Enghien, pure creation of the 19th century developed on very an other models. Two orthogonal and rectilinear axes of communication draw the screen of the city: the road of Argenteuil in Montmorency, skirting the stopping of the lake, and the railway of the Company of the railroads of North, traced in 1846. All the ways of the future commune take these two axes as bases. And a contrario of the majority of the cities being agglomerated around their church, Enghien owes its development only with the thermal activity.

Climate

Enghien-the-baths as all the Île-de-France is subjected to a degraded oceanic Climat. The localization of the commune within the Paris and its suburbs causes a very light rise in the temperature of one or two degrees according to the climatic conditions compared to the rural areas of Ile-de-France. This variation is particularly notable at daybreak in calm weather and anticyclonic, and the situation tends to be accentuated with the passing of years. The annual average temperature is of 11°C, the month more the cold is January with +4°C; the hottest months are July and August with +19°C (average day laborer). The median number of days when the temperature exceeds 25°C is of 40, including 8 beyond 30°C. In the south of the Val-d'Oise, since 1955, the annual intermediate duration of Ensoleillement is 1719 hours.

History

Origin of the name

Of ED or Oed , the oath, and of Inghen , the camp or the meadow.

From these two joined names was born the name from Edinghen or Edinghem, quoted for the first time in the texts of the 11th century. One finds Adinghien in 1092, then Anghien in 1147, Aienghien in 1227 and for the first time, Enghien, in 1264.

The city draws its name from a medieval seigniory located close to Brussels, in Belgium. Marie of Luxembourg († in 1546), inherits the stronghold in 1526 and brings it in dowry at the time of its marriage with François de Bourbon, count de Vendôme. It is the junior by its grandsons, Louis Ier de Bourbon-Cop, which was the first Duc of Enghien in 1566. But the title, which was not recorded, dies out with him in 1569.

In 1689, the princes de Condé obtain Louis XIV to commute the duchy of Montmorency, which they hold since 1633, in duchy of Enghien. Officially, the town of Montmorency, its valley and its pond must be called “Enghien”. The use preserves at Montmorency its name of origin but its pond is called “pond (or lake) of Enghien”.

A sulfur spring

Until the 18th century, the pond known as of Montmorenci or Saint-Gratien, with marshy banks, did not attract the human establishments: only a mill established since the 12th century with the outfall of the pond (current Patenôtre-Desnoyers esplanade) and some constructions dependant on the castle of Ormesson exist on the current territory of the commune. The ground lifting constituting the stopping of the outfall is skirted by a way in bad condition, connecting the two medieval cities of Argenteuil and Montmorency, named “way of the pond” (It is at the origin of the current street of General-of-Gaulle). The pond, known as “new pond”, in opposition to the “old pond” with the foot of the collegial of Montmorency disappeared today, is a marshy and not very deep sheet of water of about fifty hectares to banks dubious in north, and covered with reeds. This pond results from the meeting of several brooks at the bottom of broad the Vallée of Montmorency, with the slope hardly marked in direction of the the Seine. The streaming of surface is accompanied by an underground streaming through the benches of Gypse and Calcaire which constitutes the surrounding hills and where water takes care of Sulfate S.

The field belonged a long time to the lords of Montmorency, which knew many conflicts with the Abbaye of Saint-Denis, their possessions being overlapping. The field failed by alliance the Condé died of the Montmorency last in 1632, decapitated on order of the cardinal of Richelieu to have plotted against the king.

In 1766, Louis Coat, then young priest of Montmorency and set on sciences, discovers during its walks a brook “puant”, makes of it sulfurous, escaping near the outfall from the pond. It carries out several scientific experiments there, plunges parts of various metals, notes that Canard S live in this water without in being affected, elements which it subjects in a report to the royal Académie of sciences. The sulfurous nature of water is confirmed by Pierre Joseph Macquer, a chemist academician.

As of 1772, the prince de Condé grants to Louis-Guillaume Veillard, exploiting water of Passy and future first mayor of the commune of Passy, the concession of the sulfur spring for four years, but it could not made exploit the source, for lack of obtaining the authorizations necessary near the Medical college. A new concession is granted to him, this time for sixty years, with load for him to pay to the prince a load of forty francs, “to continue the requests to obtain approvals necessary to the exploitation of the flow of water and to hold in good state the glances and tanks of the fountain which it built in 1772”. In 1781, it makes build a new stone basin. The same year, of new cars with thirty grounds of the hour were brought into service for people not having Carrosse S. fit with body Them as for them traverse the Vallée of Montmorency for twelve grounds per place and mile, and contribute to make increase the frequentation of the source. An article written by two doctors is published in the newspaper of Paris of the May 24th 1787 and described how the secretary of the commands of prince de Condé was cured of an evil which had corroded it for ten years by the virtue of water of Enghien. The article contributes to increase the growing notoriety of the incipient thermal spa. At that time, the hamlet of Enghien is yet made up only of some thatched cottages surrounding the house of the miller. Two huts shelter the rudimentary bath-tubs of the first curists. In 1800, Mrs Gauthier, sister of Benjamin Delessert, creator of the Savings bank, acquires the thermal baths of Enghien and founds the first hydropathic establishment at the end of the First Empire.

Jean-Baptiste Péligot, administrator as a chief of the hospitals and old people's homes of Paris, arrive on banks of the lake in 1821. It gives up its Parisian functions then and devotes its life and its personal fortune to the development of the young thermal spa.

It is with the water of Enghien on the councils of its personal doctor, the baron Antoine Portal, that Louis XVIII cures in 1823 of an ulcer to the leg… Water of the city becomes then suddenly with the mode. The passion of all-Paris for Enghien makes flow the curists in the hydropathic establishment, recently refitted.

Birth of a commune

The first constructions appear towards 1822, of which the first town hall, the hotel of the Four Houses, following the purchase of the pleasure of the lake and the surrounding grounds by Mr Péligot with the count de Luçay. During the Restoration, the holiday of Parisian easy develops, the hamlet of Enghien begins its progressive development and the Lac of Enghien, formerly pond bordered of marshy banks starts to be arranged.

Come for the first time at Enghien in 1827, Alexandre Dumas makes in her memories a description of the evolution of the place in a few decades:

“The Lake Enghien is not then a pretty combed lake, curly, shaved as it is today; it did not have on its edges a public garden, full with pink, Dahlia S of Jasmin S, it did not have on all its circumference of the Gothic castles, the Italian villas, the English cottages and of the Swiss country cottages, it did not have finally, on its surface, of the hundreds of swans, coming to ask for the alms of one scalded to the travellers who in the Bateau X, now furrow surfaces of his water filtered like the water of a basin, polished as the ice of a mirror; not, the Lake Enghien was at that time a lake quite simply, a true lake, a little muddy for a lake, not enough for a pond. It was covered with Jonc S, of Nénuphar S, in medium of which the dives played, caquetaient the hens of water, and splashed the wild ducks, the whole in sufficient quantity to give recreation to a score of Chasse the USSR.”

Nevertheless an administrative problem was the subject of long and surging debates in the area. Indeed, the hamlet is located on the territory of four rural communes at financial means limited and incompetents to assume his management. The streets are not paved, it has neither church there, nor school. As of the Years 1820, the royal administration tries well to create a new commune, but in prey with the hostility of the mayors and population of the four communes concerned, the project remains temporarily without continuation. The years pass and with the development of the hamlet, the problems nothing but do develop, in particular with the arrival of the Railroad in July 1846 which puts the thermal spa at less than thirty minutes of Paris and gives access of the station a more and less easy population. The royal administration then imposes the creation of the commune, which that little was not delayed by the fall of monarchy in 1848 and the advent of the second Republic. The city is officially created by a promulgated law the August 7th 1850, its territory being delimited at the expense of the communes of Soisy-sous-Montmorency (62,4 ha), Deuil (27,6 ha), Épinay (15,2 ha) and Saint-Gratien (37,8 ha). To note that the commune of Étel in the Morbihan was created by the same decree. The first municipal elections took place the December 29th 1850, the commune counted 378 permanent inhabitants then. The first Municipal council counted ten members, of an average age 43 years.

The apogee of Enghien

Under the Second Empire, the city is famous for its sumptuous festivals, generally taking the lake for framework. Each Sunday, a concert is given as well as a ball in the park of the thermal baths, each Wednesday sees proceeding one dance. The Parisian middle-class allured by the framework and the accessibility of the station thanks to the Railroad at that time makes primarily build superb residences on banks of the lake. The politicians, industrialists, artists reside in season at Enghien. The installation of the princess Mathilde, cousin of Napoleon III, in the common neighbor of Saint-Gratien still made grow the passion for the thermal city. It indeed receives there the most brilliant authors of this time.

Enghien increases of forty and one hectares of surface to the hamlet of Ormesson by a law of the January 20th 1864. This extension was the last of the commune, those considered later not having never known a continuation. The July 18th 1865, water of Enghien are recognized by decree of public utility. In 1870 and 1871, the Prussian occupy the area. In 1875, Hippolyte Auguste Jean de Villemessant, founder of the Figaro becomes shareholder of the company of water of the city and manages to make authorize in 1877 a gaming room: but only the small horses are accepted with a reduced setting. The Hippodrome is inaugurated in June 1879. In 1891, a theater of winter is built, the season is prolonged all the year. In 1886, five hectares of vines produce two more hundred fifty-five hectolitres of wine.

In 1901, is built a new casino in the shape of ship. The law of 1907 authorizes the money plays in the thermal spas and balneal, a new building much vaster and still visible nowadays is then built and becomes the first true casino of Enghien. At that time, the casino offers a ticket return in the train towards Paris in first class… to its customers ruined by their visit!

In July 1904, metal railing a two hundred sixty-three meters length replaces the old barrier out of wooden of the roadway of the lake which threatened to crumble. In 1911, this barrier is in its turn replaced by the current pier-walk with wrought iron balustrade nine meters broad, in corbelling on the lake.

The success of Enghien-the-Baths was at the origin of the desire of other communes to also profit from this notoriety… and its economic consequences. Thus, as of 1878, Livry-Gargan, in the east of Paris, wanted to compete with Enghien by exploiting the source of the current Lake Sévigné. The mayor of Livry of the time made build a thermal spa called “Sévigné-the-water” but the thermal baths did not have discounted success. In 1912, the Municipal council of Livry-Gargan requested the recognition of the commune like “mineral-water station”. But by decree, of the November 17th 1912, the Academy of medicine and the Council of hygiene refused, and the proposal was disallowed by the Council of State and the Government. According to the rumor, this decision in fact was influenced by the political directors of Enghien-the-Baths anxious to avoid this competition.

In 1912, the new techniques find their place in the festivities of the city: a cinematographic projection is organized and a Aérostat bearing the name of “the Town of Enghien” is launched. The lake is used then as framework with many festivals and competitions: regattas, contests of flowered boats proceed there regularly. Unfortunately, in 1914, the First World War puts brutally fine at the Belle Time.

The casino closes its doors and becomes a military hospital as well as the municipal village hall. Only the concerts given Sunday to the kiosk are allowed, any other rejoicing is then proscribed.

Inter-war period

After the war, the rejoicings begin again slowly, but times are difficult. The Finance law 1920 prohibits the plays in a radius of one hundred kilometers around Paris, strongly decreasing financial means of the city. The many steps engaged by Mr Patenôtre-Desnoyers, deputies and mayors of the city, lead finally in 1931: Pierre Laval, then Minister of Interior Department, authorizes under certain conditions the plays with Enghien. The festivities begin again with ostentation until in 1939. In 1935, the president Albert Lebrun inaugurates a new hydropathic establishment.

During the Inter-war period, the population continues with strongly increasing, while the weak industrial activity regresses, fault of place available. Only surviving industry, distilling Garnier (14-16, rue de la Libération) firm definitively its doors in 1974 before being transferred to Fécamp in the buildings from S.A. Bénédictine which then repurchased it.

The tourist office is founded the June 20th 1925 then a covered primary market is inaugurated in 1927. The same year, the church become too narrow for the population is increased. In January 1932, the bridge of the railroad is widened, giving rise to the Foch place. In 1934, the crossing level of the Bar is removed. At the beginning of the Years 1930, the Gare of Enghien-the-Baths sees passing three million travellers per annum, being immediately classified in traffic on the Northern network in third position after the station of North and the station of Lille.

The Second world war bursts and as of the September 2nd 1939, the casino closes its doors again. In June 1940, the Germans occupy the city and remain strongly established during the Occupation.

Post-war period

In 1946, the casino reopens its doors, but during the season fixed like that of the thermal baths, of April 1st to the December 31st, only the plays of table, Baccara and banks with all goes, are authorized. The old hotel of the Baths leaves the place to current Grand Hotel of the Baths in 1949. Cash sixty classified rooms four stars, it accommodates the celebrities of the moment quickly such Pierre Fresnay, Yvonne Printemps or the painter Maurice Utrillo during the summer 1955. Kursaal, old property of Villemessant remained a long time with the abandonment is finally demolished in 1953, and the avenue of Belt is aligned in the axis of the Boulevard Coat, which allows the enlarging of the Garden of the Pinks.

The city joins again gradually with its festive calendar, but the post-war period sees a change in the practices, an accessibility to the balneal cities thanks to progress of the Railroad then to the democratization of the Automobile. In 1954, the first Tiercé court with the hippodrome of Enghien. The festivities evolve/move: living rooms, spectacles with the theater of the casino, conferences, an international contest of failures famous, more recently a market of Christmas or an estival competition of Wakeboard try to give again in Enghien its gloss of antan.

The January 8th 1964, Enghien-the-Baths becomes the Chef-lieu of new a canton, including/understanding Mourning-the-Bars and Montmagny.

The development of the Automobile in the Années 1960 starts to cause an increasing congestion of the downtown area, with the particularly narrow streets. The multiplication of parking bays or underground car parks and a new traffic organization is not enough to dam up the phenomenon. The municipality directed by Jean Moracchini adopts the first Plan of occupation of the grounds (POS) which has as an ambition “to adapt the current city to the requirements of the modern life, to develop its vocation of thermal, commercial city and of leisures, without harming its residential character”. It in addition notes the principal insufficiencies of the commune: outdatedness of the housing, of which the half of the park are former to 1914, the shortage of grounds available for construction, traffic jams and of parking, the insufficiency of certain utility services.

The municipal team launches two vast projects of town planning: ZAC Center Town, completed in 1993, which see the rebuilding of part of the center in order to eliminate a pocket from habitat considered as unhealthy, and the ZAC Front of the Lake, only completed in 2006 with the rebuilding of the hydropathic establishment.

The municipality directed by Philippe Sweat since 1989 lance several projects: a revision of POS, the widening of the street of Malleville, in order to lighten the downtown area of the important through traffic, and parallel, the contracting of the roadways and the widening of the pavements of the two principal commercial ways of the city, the streets of General-of-Gaulle and Mora. The garden of the Pinks as for him is refitted above a new underground car park.

XXIe century

Today, the casino of Enghien-the-Baths is closest to Paris, the only one with less than one hundred kilometers of the capital and the first of France for its receipts (135 million euros in 2006). It is even on the way to become the first casino of Europe.

The history of Enghien is rather short if one compares it with that close cities whose name even the site of the center town date from the Roman period. Today still, the casino, the thermal installations, the lake and the hippodrome (which is located, him, in the common neighbor of Soisy) are very important in the life and the saving in Enghien.

Since October 2nd, 2003, the municipality decided to initiate a procedure of creation of Protection zone of the architectural, urban and landscape heritage (ZPPAUP) which will make it possible to extend the protection zone to the many rich districts of residences the remarkable architecture of the 19th century. The restoration of the casino and the municipal Theater in 2005 and the opening of new modernized thermal baths in October 2006 should support the tourist and economic dynamism city, Enghien-the-Baths in addition remaining the most residential and expensive commune of the Val-d'Oise.

Heraldic

Architecture

The first constructions under the Restoration, intended to accommodate the curists, are characteristic of the balneal style, a neo-classic style with the sober decoration even purified, the white walls and the roofs of the type Mansart.

The more fashionable evolution of the population sees evolving architecture to the eclectic, typical style of the taste of the end of the 19th century. The edges of the lake then see being built Swiss country cottages, cottages with wood sides, Chaumière S or small castles neogothic where come to reside in season the Parisian upper middle class.

The style of the Swiss country cottages was the first to be appeared in Enghien. The example most characteristic of this style was Kursaal, house located vis-a-vis the garden of the pinks and bought in 1866 per Auguste Delaunay de Villemessant where it resided twelve years before it is transformed into circle of plays at the extreme end of the 19th century by its successor. The house was demolished in 1954.

The second style in vogue was the regionalistic taste. The country thatched cottages and constructions of Norman style were very with the mode near the artists in particular. The painter Isabey lived twelve years a thatched cottage now disappeared, located on current Boulevard of the lake. One of the last villas characteristic of this style, in spite of its transformations, is the villa located at the n° 9 avenue de Ceinture.

The style “néo” appeared in reaction to the academic rigor of the Néoclassicisme. The néogothique one sees its more good examples on the north-western shore of the lake with castle of Enghien and the castle Leon, both built in 1845 by the Pasquier architect for Jules Robin, second mayor of the commune, and repurchased by Emile of Girardin in 1860. Their decorative richness, inspired of the style Louis XII out of equipment of bricks and stones, is not very common. The Leon castle has Gargouille S, gâbles in accodances, etc, formerly reserved for the religious buildings. The two buildings are currently integrated into constructions of the college of Enghien. Further, the Scottish castle is him typical thefeudal one, with its turrets with Meurtrière S, its Créneau X…

The following period, of 1870 with 1920 mark a revival of architecture with Enghien. An eclecticism of styles, a large variety of materials, brick, Grinding stone, , characterizes constructions of this period. One can quote the villas of the Cotte boulevard, with the n°56, built in particular by the Leseine architect in 1909 (board opposite).

The villa “My dream”, with the n°43 of the street of the arrival is it also typical of this period: it has a treatment polychromic of its frontages, of Byzantine inspiration, “Baroque” and almost “Art nouveau” and a rational overall composition. The very beautiful building of the n° 1 rue Félix-Faure, called “the Manor” or “the palate of Cop”, is an astonishing Gothic mixture of styles neo-classic and . The building of the n° 53 rue du Général- of-Gaulle as for him is characteristic of the style Second Empire, sails very about it near the big families of the time.

The Art nouveau was largely applied to Enghien between 1900 and 1930. Number of buildings are high in this style, with a broad use of the brick, provided primarily by the brickyard of Sannois. Beautiful ornamentations with floral evocation, the decorations in Ceramic and the Fresque S in frontage are typical of this style.

The buildings of the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21e century find the column S, false pediment S and ressuscitent in way simpler and more abstract one certain neo-classic style.

Thus, Enghien saw in a hundred and fifty years all the expressions of the architectural styles since the Restauration thanks to its situation of thermal city.

Demography

With the arrival of the railroad in 1846, Enghien-the-Baths, with the image of the common neighbors, knows a strong expansion, which was slowed down only by the wars.

The population of Enghien in 1866 starts to affirm her originality compared to the common neighbors. In the canton of the time (that of Montmorency, then wider than nowadays), the principal activity is the culture of the Vigne, the Fruit S and the Légume S: more than 50% of the men work the ground, approximately 25% have an artisanal activity, less than 20% are employed in the trade and the services and hardly 6% of liberal professions. Half of the men of Enghien work them in the trade and the services. The common one counts then nearly 20% of liberal professions. Young person and more turned towards the services, the population of the commune differs from the close cities and villages. It is necessary to add to these permanent residents a big number of curists and visitors which doubles the population of the commune the summer months.

After the Second world war, the expansion of Enghien is similar to the majority of the communes of the Paris and its suburbs. However limited by the restricted surface of the commune already completely urbanized after war, its population stagnated then finally regressed sometimes while the majority of the common neighbors saw their population doubling in thirty years. But it does not have this known fact a brutal and massive urbanization and the important social changes of many cities with the construction of great units, such Épinay-sur-Seine its neighbor.

Sources: ,

Graph of the evolution of the population 1851-1999

Demographic table of the 20th century

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The population pyramid of the commune has some original tendencies. The city, contrary to the area Ile-de-France as a whole, sees the share of the children (less than 15 years) slightly increasing between the two Recensement S of 1990 and 1999. Nevertheless these values remain in on this side on behalf of less than fifteen years in the area (17,7% of the men and 14,1% of the women with Enghien against respectively 19,9% and 17,9% in the area).

Contrary to the regional tendency, the share of the 60-74 years slightly moved back in Enghien, while the oldest sections did not know significant evolutions. But the sections from the 60 to 95 years or more remain surreprésentées compared to the average of the area, at a rate of two to three additional points for the section from the 60 to 74 years (12,9% of the men and 14,6% of the women with Enghien-the-Baths, against respectively 10,2% and 11,3% in Île-de-France) and the double of the regional average for the most 75 years (7,8% and 13,5% compared with respectively 4,0% and 7,2% in Île-de-France).
La scarcity of the grounds available cumulated to the residential attraction of the city makes Enghien-the-Baths a city where the levels of the real estate are very high, which contributes to make difficult the installation of young couples and to maintain a population older and easier than the regional average francilienne.

Housing

Enghien-the-baths counted: 5657 residences of which: 4776 main homes in 1999. The Middle Age of the park Immobilier is more important than the regional tendency. The new buildings are less present than the average of the area: in 1999, only 6,4% of the main homes dated from 1990 or afterwards against 9,1% in Île-de-France. A contrario , constructions former to 1949 accounted for 54,6% of the park compared with 33,7% for the regional average francilienne.

84,4% of the residences are main homes, distributed with 25,1% in houses and 74,9% in apartments (respectively 26,9% and 73,1% in the area). 49,6% of the inhabitants are owners of their housing, against 45,8% which are only tenants (respectively 44,3% and 51,1% in the area).

It should be noted that with 347 residences HLM of the park in 1999 (23,4% in the area) is 7,3%, the city is far from respecting the provisions of article 55 of the law solidarity and urban renewal (SRU) of December 2000 fixing at 20% the minimum rate of social housing for the most important communes. One can note moreover that the number of vacant housings was important in 1999 with 13,1% of the park compared with only 8,1% in the area.

The majority of the dwellings have 3 parts (26,4%), or 4 parts (42,6%), then 2 parts (21,3%). The small residences remain minority (studios: 9,6%). The city has consequently residences completely in conformity with the tendencies franciliennes with nevertheless an underrepresentation of small surfaces. The Middle Age of the park is on the other hand much higher, in spite of the various real estate transactions of the Années 1970 with 2000.

Policy and administration

Enghien-the-baths is the Chef-lieu of a canton of three communes (including/understanding Mourning-the-Bars and Montmagny) it is paradoxically the commune currently the least populated. The canton belongs to the 6th district Val-d'Oise, with the cantons of Saint-Gratien, Sannois and Soisy-sous-Montmorency. Enghien-the-baths belongs to the urban Unité and the urban Aire of Paris.

Enghien-the-baths shelters several administrations and public services on its territory: an office of station (1, rue de Mora), a police station, a Municipal police made up of about thirty civils servant end 2006 (17, place Foch), a treasury as well as a Barracks of firemen.

The center of Social security, the national agency for employment (ANPE) and a point of reception EDF - GDF is located in the vicinity immediate of the limits of the commune, on the territory of Montmorency.

Enghien-the-baths belongs to the jurisdiction of authority of Montmorency, and great authority as well as trade of Pontoise.

Municipal administration and political tendencies

The Municipal council is composed of thirty-three members, of which the mayor and eight assistant. The council meets on average once per two months; the municipality counts six municipal commissions in addition. A Municipal council of the children was set up the October 17th 2006.

Politically, Enghien-the-Baths has been a town of right-hand side, the voters having continuously voted very mainly on the right with all the elections for several decades. To note that the mayor of the commune since 1989, Philippe Sweat, is as for him center (Ex UDF, then various right-hand side). This last was re-elected in 2001 at the time of triangular with 76,44% of the votes cast against 13,30% for an opponent various right-hand side and 10,26% for the candidate of the Front National (with 37,63% of abstention).

In 1995, Enghiennois had preferred with the second turn of the presidential election Jacques Chirac with 72,94% with Lionel Jospin with only 27,06% of the votes cast.

With the presidential election of 2002, the first turn saw arriving at the head Jacques Chirac with 28,8%, followed Jean-Marie Le Pen with 15,9%, Francois Bayrou has equality with Lionel Jospin with 11,4%, then Alain Madelin with 8,0% and Jean-Pierre Chevènement with 7,0%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 5%.

With the second turn, the voters voted to 84,5% for Jacques Chirac against 15,5% for Jean-Marie Le Pen with a rate of abstention from 17,0%, result rather close to the national tendencies (respectively 82,21% and 17,79%; abstention 20,29%) with however two additional points for Jacques Chirac.

With the referendum on the constitutional treaty for Europe of May 29th, 2005, Enghiennois largely voted for the European Constitution, with 67,42% of Yes compared with 32,58% of Not with a rate of abstention from 27,75% (whole France: Not to 54,67%; Yes to 45,33%). These figures are opposite with the departmental tendency of the Val-d'Oise (Not to 53,47%; Yes to 46,53%) but largely higher than the average of the results franciliens (Yes 53,99%; Not 46,01%) showing the character clearly privileged of the inhabitants of the city in Île-de-France but especially in the Val-d'Oise, the electorate having chosen the positive vote being, according to the political analysts, the fact of a economically more privileged population and more an high level of education that the average of the French.

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw dissociating definitely at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 49,16%, followed far behind by Francois Bayrou with 19,46%, then Ségolène Royal in third position with 18,46% and Jean-Marie Le Pen with 7,0%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 1,5%. The second turn saw arriving largely at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 68,55% (national result: 53,06%), Ségolène Royal adding up only 31,45% of the votes enghiennois (national: 46,94%).

Mayors of Enghien-the-Baths

Budget and taxation

At the time of the vote of the budget the primitive main thing 2006, the March 2nd 2006, the section of operation presented was assembled to the sum of: 44643372 € and the section investment presented was assembled to: 41183589 € (both balanced in expenditure and receipts). The four taxes 2006 were voted for rates of: 9,17% for the Tax of dwelling, 9,30% for the Real estate tax built, 41,25% for the real estate tax not built, and 10,01% for the Professional tax.

The local direct taxation is lower than the departmental average for the communes of equivalent population. This rate is indeed lower by approximately 40 to 50% at the rates generally noted in communes of similar size. This situation is explained by the important revenues from taxes whose municipality profits thanks to the incomes from the casino.

The rate of the tax of dwelling of 9,17% in 2005 and 2006 has not been increased for several years what translates a municipal will not to increase the tax pressure, which remains overall stable in Enghien. He is necessary to add 1,31% for the trade-union share to it. The departmental rate of the Val-d'Oise was fixed at 5,88% of the rental value in 2005.

Safety

The rate of Criminalité of the district of police force of Enghien-the-Baths (including Saint-Gratien) is of 137,75 acts for 1000 inhabitants (crimes and offenses, figures 2005) what makes some highest of the Val-d'Oise, very largely higher than average the main road (83/1000) and secondary road (88,15/1000). The rate of resolution of the businesses by the police services is of the 25,04%, weakest of the department.

In order to try to reduce this high rate, the municipality voted in 2005 the installation of equipment of vidéosurveillance, comprising twenty-two cameras placed in the places which know the most offenses in the commune.

Twinnings

(June 16th)
(September 26th)

The bonds which link both Enghien go up at the beginnings of the First World War, but 1957 had to be awaited so that a charter of Jumelage was signed with this town of 11.980 inhabitants (in 2006) located in the Province of Hainaut. It is with the Pentecost that a Belgian delegation was accepted with Enghien-the-Baths, which gave place to various rejoicings: an automobile contest of elegance, a concert and a ball marked the importance of this day symbolic system.

Economy

The city is primarily turned since its creation towards the services. No industrial park is at it.

The casino

The casino of Enghien-the-Baths is today the first of France for its receipts: in 2006, the gross product of the plays was of 135 million Euro S, distributed to 70% on the machines to under and 30% on the plays of table. Knowing a constant progression of its frequentation and sound Turnover, it is on the way to become the first of Europe.

The casino of Enghien also constitutes the second more important place of leisures of the department of the Val-d'Oise: it accommodated not less: 510000 people in 2005, of which: 340000 for the machines with under and: 170000 for the plays of table, placing itself behind the base of leisures of Cergy-Pontoise (: 1500000 visitors) but largely in front of the two first Museum S and tourist sites of the department, the castle of Auvers-sur-Oise (: 66169 entries) and the Abbey of Royaumont (: 65397 entries).

The establishment is open each day of the week and proposes:

- 350 Machines with under: machines with Rouleaux, Video, Video Poker and Space Derby. The settings lie between 0,50 euros and 20 euros.

- 39 tables of plays: French Caster, English Caster, Black Jack, Stud Poker, Punto Blanco. The settings start with 2,5 euros.

The machines with under are accessible from 10:00 to 4:00 of the morning. Plays of table of 16:00 to 4:00 of the morning. The access is subjected to the presentation of identity (Passeport for the foreigners) and, case unique in France, a valid payment of duty paper of coming into effect. A correct behavior is required (costume Cravate for the men, not of jean or sport shoes).
The tariff of access varies according to the day and the hour: in 2007, it was of 9 euros the every day before 16:00, 12 euros after 16:00, of 14 euros the exceptional evenings, saturdays and takes care of bank holidays starting from 16:00. The casino counts a restaurant in the gaming room of table, “the Baccara”, open starting from 20:00. However, work conditions with reduced wages, as well as the degradation of the customers according to some paid (news customers of “young people of suburbs” attracted by the recent machines with under) caused a strike of the personnel the October 10th 2006 during the inauguration of the new hydropathic establishment.

The share of the machines with under in the receipts of the casino is considerable not representing less than 77% of the turnover. 50% of the sales turnover are carried out in day and 52% of the customers are female. The average exchange required by a player is of 700 €. The largest profit with the caster collected in one evening is of: 600000 €, but the probability of gaining the maximumone is only of 1 per 17 million.

The Triche exists and relates to especially the plays of table. The usual tactics consist in marking the charts, for example with its nail, which pushes the establishment to change the charts regularly, and this with random schedules. The croupier also has the bent pockets and is not authorized to tighten the hand of a player in the exercise of his trade.
The casino of Enghien nevertheless is very supervised by step less than three hundred Caméra S more many micro. In a secret room, from two to five people follow one another to view the recordings, on line or remote.

The operation of the casino is very framed, all the interventions being strictly consigned: daily, the receipt is piled up in buckets under each machine, a technician is authorized with touching the machine, but does not have the keys of them. For the executives, it is the opposite situation. The parts, representing five tons per day, are then transported in room of the accounts then placed in a sorter: their number with the centime close is checked thus that their correspondence so that the meters indicate. The parts are then bagged by five hundreds and are placed in the strongroom of the establishment. Each afternoon, a truck of the Brink' S comes to recover the receipt. A weak part is preserved on the spot for the needs for treasury.

The strong painfulness of work, a bucket of 40 kg parts having to be handled five times per day for example, pushes the direction to wish the reduction of the use of parts and tokens… which would also make it possible to multiply the settings of the players. It is henceforth possible to directly introduce banknotes into the machines with under, frequent displacements with the case constituting a gene for the players, and imposing to centralize an important treasury at the same place. In 2007, tickets with Code-bars are tested, which, in the long term, could replace the parts and make disappear the famous quite particular rattling characterizing environment from the casino. Sunday, October 14, 2007, one accustomed of the places gained the record of profit over a machine with under in France with: 1611921 euros.

Tourism and trade

Tourism. Enghien-the-baths counts four hotels, of 4 stars (the Large Hotel), 3 stars (the Hotel of the lake) and 2 stars. The restoration is distributed between 31 restaurants of all standings and 17 coffees, bars and breweries.

The unit formed by the casino, the hydropathic establishment, the Large Hotel and the Hotel of the lake is managed by the Groupe Lucien Barrière.

Trade. The strong marketing activity of more than three hundred trade concentrates street of General-of-Gaulle, street of Mora and around the station. In spite of the existence of several shopping malls in the close cities, Enghien knew to preserve its commercial attractivity in the area thanks to its accessibility and with its pleasant framework. One counted in the year 2000: 65 clothes shops, 32 hairdressers, 12 shoemakers, 11 banks and 16 estate agencies. The city does not count any hypermarket for lack of grounds available.

A Marché takes place places of Verdun each Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday morning of 7:00 to 13:00.

the Saleroom. (2 rue du Docteur Leray) It is famous in the world of art for its sales of prestige and its sales of Thursday. It is rather specialized in the sale of objects and movable Art nouveau.

Sociology

In 1999, only 16,6% of the Enghiennois credits having an employment worked in the commune. This figure moved back of 32,3% between 1990 and 1999. Unemployment rate was of 9,4% in 1999, that is to say 464 people (national average: 12,9% in 1999). The average revenue by household is largely higher than the national average than approximately: 28640 € per annum (national average: : 15027 € per annum).

The executives and intellectual professions are surreprésentés in Enghien with a rate of 33,8% (against 13,1% on average in France and 22,8% on average regional). The intermediate occupations account for 27,4% of the credits (against 25,6% on average regional and 23,1% on average national). The employees accounted for 24,1% of the inhabitants of the commune (against 29,5% in Ile-de-France and 28,8% in France). The workmen account for as for them only 6,9% of the credits of the commune (16,5% in Île-de-France area and 25,6% in France).

The rate of Enghiennois having followed higher learning is of 38,9%, against 28,1% on average regional and 18,1% on average in Metropolitan France.

The Enghiennoise population is thus in its better formed globality and much easier than the French and even regional average.

Sources and hydrotherapy

With the outfall of the pond, a “puant” brook mingles its water with those with the mill; this brook is analyzed by Louis Cotte (1740 - 1815), priest oratorien of Montmorency which in deduced that the brook is not an effluent of the pond but a sulfurous source. Indeed, the dry pond, the source is not dried up. Its results are communicated to the Academy of Science which confirms the result of its experiments.

Nowadays, the fountains are dried up, water is directly drawn thanks to collectings in the Ground water. Water at the points of emergence is colorless and limpid. Its temperature is of 13° approximately. Its odor characteristic of rotted egg is that of the hydrogen sulfide .

Typical analysis of water: Carbon dioxide (80mg/l approximately), Bicarbonate S and Carbonate S (400mg/l approximately), calcium (160 to 180 mg/l approximately), Magnesium, Sodium, Sulfate S (200mg/l approximately), hydrogen sulfide (36mg/l approximately), as well as minor amounts of Barium and Boron.

Sulfato-reducing bacterium S aerobes and anaerobes (or sulforéductrices) were highlighted in 1969 by the Institut Pasteur. Their number is between: 7000 and: water 24000/100ml according to the various sources. These bacteria, named desulfovibrio desulfuricans , attack dissolved sulfates coming from the scrubbing of the Gypse and transform them into Soufre and hydrogen sulfide, and release from carbonates. This process proceeds in the zone of contact between the organic peats and the ground Calcaire.

The sulfurous tablecloth is located below the lake, and levels its Western bank.

Thus water of Enghien of a raised mineralization, is deprived of Oxygène and rich in Sulfure of hydrogen.

List of the sources (classified in the order of their discovery):

the source of Roy , discovered in 1766 by the father Coat, declared public utility in 1865, does not run any more;
the source Deyeux , does not run any more;
the source Péligot , not used today;
the group the Fisheries , abandoned since 1900;
the source Bouland , given up, does not run any more;
the source of the Lake , discovered in 1861 during a draining of the lake, given up since 1974;
the source of the Pinks or Puisaye , abandoned since 1976;
the source of North , abandoned;
the source Coquil , feeds the hydropathic establishment;
the source of Bousquet , does not exist any more;
the sources Soleidad and Madeleine , discovered during the construction of the collector of the lake, ever used;
the source Ducis , collecting set up in 1978, connected to the hydropathic establishment, without approval to date;
the source Iris , discovery in-depth in 2001, nonsulfurous and with very large flow, its characteristics are close to mineral water of Vittel. Recognized drinkable, it feeds the swimming pool and space Balnéothérapie of the hydropathic establishment but remains on standby of approval near the Ministère of Health.

The sources are connected to the thermal baths by stainless pipes inserted in sleeves. Seven sulfurous water collectings existing provide of 10 to 12m ³ of water per hour. A score of Piézomètre S record uninterrupted the level of the Ground water and the flow of the sources.

Hydrotherapy is founded on the use of the many therapeutic properties of the Soufre: it is indeed biophysiologic, antitoxic, trophic, antiallergic and antiscléreux. Thus the thermal springs are particularly indicated for:

affections ORL: rhinitides, tonsillites, laryngitides, vocal overwork, pharyngées sinusitises, pharyngitides, otitises, deafnesses rhinogenes, paraesthesias and catarrhes rhino-pharyngés.
treatment of the respiratory tracts: chronic tracheitis, bronchitides, asthmas, dilation of the bronchi. Its effectiveness is recognized for all inflammatory or infectious ORL and bronchial, repeating or chronic pathologies on allergic ground or not, of the adult and the child. The Thermal baths accommodate the children as of the three years age.
treatment of the Osteoarthritis: the Rheumatism S and the ageing of the articular cartilages.

Nevertheless according to a total tendency of hydrotherapy, Enghien evolves and is turned henceforth more to back in shape in parallel of the medicalized traditional care.

the thermal baths themselves occupy a surface of: 1600m ² and has the role to treat the affections of the respiratory tracts, the Vertige S, the Allergie S, the skin diseases thanks to the water of the thirteen thermal springs, most sulfurous of France. The thermal baths offer several doctor's offices, proposing consultations of 10:00 to 20:00. The care lasts 1:30. The cures ORL, treating the Otitis S, Sinusitis S, Bronchite S chronicles, and approved by the Social security last 21 days including 18 days of care of the Monday to Saturday. The establishment also proposes mini cures (nonofficially agreed) from six to ten days, with therapeutic or preventive goal for the smokers or the professionals of the voice (singers, etc). A space Rhumatologie opened its doors running 2007.
The Spark (of the English sparkling , semi-sparkling) which occupies: 3500m ² on two stages is devoted to the care of back in shape, the spa and the Sport. It comprises a swimming pool covered with 18m on 7,5m, two Sauna S, two Hammam S, a terrace Solarium and a space of restoration. It is directly connected to the two hotels which frame the establishment. The space businesses and the pergola occupy a surface of 950m ² and consist of several flexible rooms and an accommodating auditorium of 200 places of the Séminaire S and conferences.
The new thermal baths are exploited by the development company of water and thermal baths of Enghien (SEETE), dependant on the group Lucien Barrière. The SEETE was the 71e undertaken Val-d'Oise in Turnover in 2004 with 57,4 M d'€.

Gardens and green areas

flowered City (3 flowers), the commune is regularly rewarded for quality for its green areas.

Enghien-the-baths, because of its very reduced surface, does not have a true city park, but has on the other hand several gardens maintained generally well:

the garden of the Pinks (with the angle of the street of General-of-Gaulle and the avenue of Belt), point central of the city, makes the junction between the lake, the downtown area, the theater and the casino. It was refitted during the Années 1990 with an artificial cascade to the banks of the emerging lake located between covered arbors of rose trees of hardy perennials (baptized Allée Mistinguett);
the public garden of Villemessant , more green big space of the commune (vis-a-vis the casino), was arranged during the Années 1970;
the public garden Jean-Mermoz (street of the Departure) replaces the old goods station low speed;
the public garden of the place of Verdun ;
the garden of the villa of the Lake (45 ter, avenue de Ceinture), small garden located on bank Is lake;
the garden of the bridge of the MUSE, peninsula to the flowers (28, bd du Lac), located on western bank of the lake;
new the garden of the town hall , refitted in 2004.

Transport

Yesterday

The Railroad of the company of Belgian North Paris-border serves the commune since the July 11th 1846 at a rate of a train at half an hour. From one hundred daily trains before the beginning of the 20th century, one passes to 152 trains in 1909, transporting three million annual travellers, and 200 trains in 1913. Enghien was also connected starting from 1863 to the Gare Saint-Lazare at a rate of a train per hour. The Chaix schedule of 1902 comprises 22 circular trains of Paris-North to Paris-Saint-Lazare and vice versa, service which was definitively suspended in 1915.

In 1866, the city is also connected to Montmorency by a private railroad of local interest, the “Refoulons”. This last disappears in 1954.

A Tramway connects the station of Enghien to Montmorency the October 28th 1897 and Saint-Gratien in 1901. It serves the three communes at a rate of a tram every twenty the six hours minutes of the morning at twenty-two hours twenty. The line, strongly overdrawn is put under sequestration as of 1905.

Another tram line, the Enghien-Trinity between the Church of the Trinity in Paris and the Station of Enghien, via Epinay-sur-Seine, Saint-Denis, Pleyel, Town hall of Saint-Ouen and Place of Clichy sees the day the April 19th 1908 after work of adaptation (passage to the spacing of the ways of 1,435m). It transported: 8754000 travellers in 1909 before finally disappearing in the general indifference in 1935, following the many nuisances brought to the inhabitants, replaced by a service of Bus more modern and more reliable.

Today

Enghien-the-baths has two stations on its territory, currently served by the Transilien Paris-North, branches Paris Gare of North - Persan-Beaumont Pontoise/. The Gare of Enghien-the-Baths is served at a rate of a slow train to the 1/4 of hour in off-peak hours and per eight trains/hour in rush hours (four semi-direct trains and four direct). It is necessary from nine to fifteen minutes of way of the station of North.

The Station of the Bar - Ormesson, located at the south-east of the commune in limit of Mourning-the-Bars, is served at a rate of a slow train with the fifteen minutes in off-peak hours and eight in rush hours: four direct Station of North and four slow trains serving Épinay-Villetaneuse and Saint-Denis.

The city also has important a Coach station, which makes of it a convergence point in the Vallée of Montmorency. It is served by the drunk lines of 154,256 and N51 (Noctilien) of the the RATP like by the networks TVO (Transport of the Val-d'Oise) line 514 and Valmy lines 11,13,14,15A, 15M and Rouge.

The Gare of Enghien-the-Baths was attended daily in 1994 by 9.500 users for which it is necessary to add the 4.500 travellers of the only network of bus TVO. This figure ranged between 7.500 and 15.000 in 2002 according to countings of STIF.

The commune is easily accessible from the highway has 15, at three kilometers, and is located at less than fifteen minutes of the doors of Paris by the road.

Tourist monuments and places

Personalities related to the city

Artists

Jeanne Marie the Middle-class man (Mistinguett), most famous from Enghiennoises, was born there on April 3rd 1875 with 5, rue du way-of-iron (currently street Gaston-Israel); a plate is reproduced on its native house in the vicinity immediate of the station of Enghien. It was buried in the family vault of the northern cemetery of the city.
Élie Semoun, humorist, actor, writer, poet and chansonnier, saw there.
Eugene Isabey, wire of Jean-Baptiste Isabey, painter like his father, lived twelve years at the edge of the lake. It was called “the admiral of the lake” because it sailed on a boat equipped with four veils.
Horace Vernet, painter, settled with his daughter in 1825.
Sebastien Castro, man of spectacle, was born there.
Raphaëlle Ricci, professor with the Star Academy, was born there.
Maxim Saury, musician, was born there.
Tristan Bernard, writer, lived there.
Georges Bordonove, writer and historian, was born there.
Christophe Willem, singer, was born there.

Journalists

Hippolyte Auguste Jean de Villemessant (1810 - 1879), celebrates journalist and founder of the daily newspaper Le Figaro , plays a big role in the urban development. In 1875, he becomes shareholder of the anonymous company of water of Enghien and obtains the opening to the public of the play of the small horses, already practiced in private circle.
François de Closets, journalist, scientist and producer of television, was born there.

Policies

Emile of Girardin, Appointed and founder of the modern press, settled with the “castle of Enghien” and was elected city council man in 1865; nevertheless, it never sat.
Sylvie Noachovitch, lawyer of the emission Without any doubt and unfortunate candidate UMP with the legislative elections of 2007 in the Eighth district of the Val-d'Oise, resides at it.
Jacques Nikonoff, President of ATTAC France of 2002 to 2006, lived there.
François Loncle, former Secretary of State and deputy, was born there.
Cecile Brunschvicg, former under-secretary of state to the State education, was born there.
Dzon Mathias, former minister Congolese of the Economy, Finances and the Budget and National director of Central Bank with Brazzaville, has a second home with Enghien-the-Baths.
Rachel Cheigam-Grunstein, Résistante which lived in Enghien.
Jean-Michel Of Plaa, politician of the Socialist party, was born there.
Jacques CRESSON, husband of Edith Cresson was born there.
Jean Berthoin, Resisting and former minister, was born there.
Michael Bullara, the former National secretary of the RPR in charge of Youth, was born there.

Sportsmen

Hugues Obry, former fencer, was born there.
AsGaëlle Sidot, tennis player, was born there.
Kléber Piot, former racing cyclist, is deceased there.
Cyril Akpomedah, basketball player, was born there.

Others

Peggy Maaz and Nadim Khouri Klink, former owners of “De luxe hotel Perfumes”. They had emptied in 2002 the buildings of their factory of Saint-Nicolas-in Aliermont (Seine-Maritime) before disappearing without warning their employees. In addition to having two superb villas with Enghien, they resided at the Scottish castle (evaluated to approximately four million euro).

Culture

Town of animated water, Enghien-the-Baths offers all the year an access varied to the culture, with the radiation quite higher than its situation of small commune of 10.000 inhabitants in Île-de-France. The municipality more particularly directed towards the promotion of the Contemporary art since the beginning of the Années 2000, with like headlight place the new Center of arts (inaugurated in 2002).

The municipal theater of Enghien-the-Baths, located in the building of the casino (3, avenue de Ceinture), proposes many spectacles and events during its theater season which lasts from October at April. It regularly accommodates the largest French celebrities of the entertainment world like traditional or modern theatrical works, of the operas and the Ballet S.

The media library George Sand offers: 1500m ² of space, with a cyber space and a discotheque of loan. She proposes: 25000 volumes for the adult public: 6000 for the young people, 60 reviews as well as a sound library of 700 titles intended for the public badly or blind man.

The Arts center François Villon (4, rue Talma) proposes a broad range of activities of leisures, sporting or cultural (dance of living room, gym, language class, theater, visual arts…) as well as conferences of local history.

The council school of music (18, rue de la Libération) proposes with more than two hundred pupils of the courses exempted by a team of twelve professors.

The circle of failures : “The Chess-board of the lake”, club affiliated to the French federation of the failures. Founded in 1994, it proposes appointments with the Space of the Lake (Arts center) 93, rue du Général- of-Gaulle. It organized the “Masters of failures of Enghien - the-Baths” during which Etienne Bacrot became youngest international Maître of the world (in 1995) then youngest international Large-Master (in 1997).

The Center of Arts opened its doors in 2002. Built on old distilling Garnier (12-16, rue de la Libération), it accommodates companies of dance, arts visual and plastics… With an auditorium of 400 places, the center very regularly accommodates spectacles, concerts and exposures.

The city also counts a art gallery created in 1976 and specialized in the Contemporary art. The last exposure in October and November 2006 were devoted to Maurice Empi.

Enghien also has a whole of six rooms of cinema UGC “the French”, proposing films of exclusiveness.

It should be noted that in 2004, the summer school of the National front was held in the municipal village hall, vis-a-vis the casino. The village hall is a gift of Jules Augustin Frederic Regnault (1834-1894), built by the Vernholes architect (like many other buildings of the city), the municipality gave the name of Jules Regnault to one of his streets.

Media

The commune has only one media specifically written enghiennois, the municipal magazine Contact .

IDFM, initially Radio-Enghien then Radio-Enghien-Island-of-France , is an associative radio with the varied programs located at Enghien-the-Baths. It emits since 1982 and diffuses its programs on part of the area Île-de-France since the transmitter TDF of Sannois.

Festivals and events

Enghien is a city rich in conferences, cultural exposures and sports events or. One can quote in addition to the many spectacles of the theater of the Casino:

Certain tests of the world cup of Wakeboard which is held on the lake in June;
the Triathlon Enghien - Val-d'Oise;
Enghien Jazz Festival;
trotting races of the hippodrome, also arranged for the races into night.

Enghien-the-baths in the literature

Many writers of 19th and 20th centuries attended banks of the Lake Enghien, but curiously little quoted the city in their literary works.

The marquis Astolphe de Custine, writer, traveller and diplomat, accepted many artists in his castle of Saint-Gratien, on Western bank of the lake: Balzac, Victor Hugo, Chopin, Delacroix, Chateaubriant which was closely related to his/her mother during twenty years, Alfred de Musset, Barbey d' Aurevilly, George Sand and Lamartine. Two decades later, the Princesse Mathilde also accepted many writers and artists of the Second Empire in its castle, also located at Saint-Gratien: Prosper Mérimée, Théophile Gautier, Jules and Edmond de Goncourt, Gustave Flaubert or Alexandre Dumas which reported several episodes of its life with Enghien in its memories.

An adventure of Arsene Lupin, the gentleman-burglar created by Maurice Leblanc, proceeds in Enghien. In the Stopper of crystal , published in 1912, Lupin and its band burglarize the villa of a deputy at the edge of the lake, burgling which turns to the drama. This novel was included besides on television in the first season of the televised series with Georges Descrières in 1971.

Enghien-the-baths and the cinema

Several films or televised series were turned in Enghien. One can quote the principal ones:

the Gentleman of Epsom (1962) of Gilles Grangier. This film was partly made on the Hippodrome of Enghien, with Soisy-sous-Montmorency.
marital Happiness (1965) (Series TV, 113 episodes of 26 min) of Jacqueline Audry.
A few days with me (1988) of Claude Sautet.
the simulator (1992) (Series TV, Police chief Mill). One of the characters lives with 23, Bd. du lake.
the Cousin (1998) of Alain Corneau.
the Fabulous destiny of Amélie Foal (2001) of Jean-Pierre Jeunet. This film was an international French success. It made known the name of the city in the whole world. To note that the house of the father of Amélie, Raphaël Foal, supposed to be located street of the Bar at Enghien is actually to 3 km from there, street of Calais with Eaubonne, near the Gare of Ermont - Eaubonne in which was turned besides a scene of film.

Teaching

Three nursery schools (including one private) and two elementary schools (a school complex and a private school) exempt primary school education with Enghien. In 2006, 445 pupils were provided education for in nursery school for 901 in primary education. Secondary education is ensured by a public college, a public general high school and a technical school and a college/private college which gather on the whole: 4372 pupils in the colleges and colleges of the commune. The common changing of the academy of Versailles.

The schools of the city are managed by the general inspection of the departmental inspection of State education 1, rue Albert Camus to Sannois.

Nursery schools

Raoul-Riet - 6, villa Malleville (224 pupils - 8 teachers), the Swans - 19, avenue Carlier (133 pupils - 5 teachers) and the school Holy-Therese (private school under contract) - 24 rue de Malleville (88 pupils - 3 classes).

Elementary schools

The school complex of Ormesson - 11, boulevard d'Ormesson (671 pupils - 26 teachers) and the school Saint-Louis (private school under contract) - 4, rue de Malleville (230 pupils - 10 teachers).

Colleges and colleges

Colleges and public lycées: the college Georges Pompidou - 20, rue de la Coussaye (546 pupils - 32 teachers), the College Gustave-Monod - 71, avenue de Ceinture (: 1850 pupils - 185 teachers) and the vocational school - 71, avenue de Ceinture (625 pupils - 56 teachers).

Private Colleges and colleges: the college-college Notre-Dame Providence (private school under contract): college with 9, boulevard Sadi-Carnot and college with 23, rue de Malleville (1351 pupils - 90 teachers).

Schools in professional matter

The Training institute by Alternation Pierre-Salvi (School/Undertaken, Accountancy-Office automation) - 24 bis, boulevard d'Ormesson, the Training center of Apprentices of the town of Enghien-the-Baths - 62 and 71, avenue de Ceinture, and the Greta d' Enghien (Grouping of establishments of mainstream education and technique - colleges, colleges…) - 71, avenue de Ceinture.

University

Enghien is sectorisée on the Université of Paris XIII (Paris-North) with Villetaneuse (Seine-Saint-Denis), with approximately five kilometers. The mayor of Enghien-the-Baths, Philippe Sweat, is besides professor of right of the public institutions and member of the office of the university. He was in addition the former senior of the Faculty of Law of the latter.

Sport

The city counts thirteen clubs and sports associations and several equipment, located on the territory even of the commune or in the close cities, Enghien having very early supported the Intercommunalité in the sporting field considering the exiguity of its territory which does not make it possible to shelter the whole of the installations necessary.

Sports equipment

On the territory of Enghien-the-Baths one finds the equipment following: the sporting whole of Coussaye (53, rue de la Coussaye), the sports complex Veillard (1bis, rue le Veillard) and the gymnasium Maurice-Butcher (26ter, rue Pasteur). The Nautical Company of Enghien (SNE), located on the island of the Swans on the lake, proposes with all to discover, to initiate or practice in competition of the oar, the dragon boat, and the sail. The Lycée Gustave-Monod also has two gymnasia (Avenue of Belt).

At Soisy-sous-Montmorency, is located essentially the Hippodrome of Enghien-Soisy .

With Montmorency, one finds the center inter-commune Nautique (1 with 5, rue Henri-Dunant), which counts 700 m ² of water level distributed on three basins and 1000 m ² of terraces, and the stage of the Ridge-with-Fathers (Way of the Ridge-with-Fathers).

With Mourning-the-Bars are located the Patinoire (4, rue Jean-Bouin), the inter-commune stage Jean-Bouin Mourning-The-Bars/Enghien-The-Baths (Street Jean-Bouin) which included a track of roller and skate-board, courts of Tennis (Street Jean-Bouin) and the sports complex Alain-Mimoun (4, lane of the House).

With Moisselles finally, the town of Enghien-the-Baths is owner of an airfield, where in 1931 “the Ailerons were founded”, which in particular met success in the air turn of France.

Health

thermal City, Enghien-the-Baths is famous for the number and the quality of its care. In addition to the care exempted with the thermal baths (center O.R.L of functional exploration, treatment of the Osteoarthritis, center of back in shape), the city counted at January 1st 2007: eight Pharmacy S, two laboratories, blackjack dentists, fourteen Doctor S general practitioners, twenty-seven specialist physicians, and thirty-nine medical auxiliary who constitute in particular the liberal medicine of the city.

Enghien-the-baths counts a private clinic, the private clinic Girardin (16 avenue de Girardin). The city is attached to the inter-commune hospital Simone Veil (hospital grouping Eaubonne - Montmorency).

Association enghiennoise “health, it is happiness” was Co-founded in 1929 by Gaston Israel (1890 - 1959) with for objective the fight against the Tuberculose and the organization of the child welfare. Association nowadays remains turned more particularly towards young people and proposes a collective crib with the children of the commune, a center of infant protection and vaccinations (children and adults) as well as a médico-psychological center (8, rue Gaston-Israël).

The city also has two old people's homes, the Arpage residences and Jean-Moracchini.

Worships

Catholic church. the faithful ones of the parish are accommodated to the Saint-Joseph church. The parish of Enghien concerns the deanery d´Enghien-Montmorency and the Diocèse of Pontoise. It is managed by the father François-Xavier Zeller.

Protestant Church. the parishioners of Enghien and fifteen other communes find since the May 20th 1855 with the temple of Enghien-the-Baths, located at the limit of Montmorency (155, avenue de la Division Leclerc), managed since July 2001 by the Pasteur BETTINA Cottin. The church reformed of France also has a parochial place of life called “the High House” (177, avenue de la Division Leclerc).

Worship Jew. a synagog is located 47, rue de Malleville, behind the hydropathic establishment. It is managed by the Rabbin graduate Ilan TOLEDANO of the rabinic school.

Two Cemetery S: the old cemetery, street Louis-Delamarre and the cemetery Southern, street of Coussaye.

See too

Internal bonds

Lake Enghien
Hippodrome of Enghien-Soisy
College Gustave-Monod of Enghien-the-Baths
Valley of Montmorency
Station of Common Enghien-the-Baths
of the Val-d'Oise

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