Energy in Iran

The sector of the energy in Iran is extremely important in the nation's economy. The Iran is an important oil exporting country, and was the first country of the Middle East to exploit this resource, since 1913. The country also has the second gas world reserves and seeks to obtain civil nuclear capacities in order to produce energy with this alternative source with oil and gas.

Presentation of the energy sector in Iran

Iran holds 10% of the proven world Oil reserves (what places the country in the 3rd place in the world). The oil reservoirs are located at north of Iran and in Offshore in water of the Persian Gulf. The output of oil industry was on average of 4 million Baril S per day in 2005. The maximum output was of 6 million barrels per day in 1974. After the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the government reduced the daily production of oil in the optics of a policy of conservation of the crude oil reserves. Other falls of the production of oil occurred at the time of the damage at the oil installations which have occurred during the war with Iraq. With the beginning of the year 2000, the industrial infrastructure was increasingly ineffective because of the technological delays. Few structural test drillings were carried out in 2005.

In spite of its important crude oil reserves, Iran spent in 2005 four millards of dollars for fuel imports. These imports are due to a under-capacity of refining in the country and to a national consumption in constant increase. Subventions on the price of the fuel are granted by the State to the private individuals. Moreover, the Contrebande of cheap Iranian fuel towards the adjoining countries is rather widespread.

Iran also has the second world reserves of Natural gas (15% of the world total); those are exploited mainly for the domestic use. In 2005, most of natural reserves of Gaz of Iran were remained unexploited.

As from 2004, the addition of new hydroelectric stations and the improvement of the thermo plants to the coal and the Pétrole increased the energy capacity to 33.000 megawatts.

The energy used in Iran east of multiple sources: approximately 75% come from the Natural gas, 18% of the Pétrole, and 7% of the hydroelectric energy. In 2004, Iran opened its first Wind farm and of the power stations Géothermique S, and the first Solar power station is to be envisaged from here 2009. The demography and intensive industrialization make increase the demand for electrical energy of 8% per annum. The goal of the government is to reach a Capacité installed of 53.000 megawatts from here 2010 by bringing into service new thermo plants at gas, financed by independent producers of energy (including those resting on overseas investments) and by adding hydroelectric and nuclear energy production capacity to it. Iran projects to produce 6.000 MW electricity by the nuclear engineering from here 2010 to satisfy its increasing demand of energy. The first nuclear plant producing of electricity is a Pressurized water reactor of the type VVER -1000 of 915 MW, whose construction (with the assistance of the Russians) is in hand and should finish at the end of 2007.

In 2005 the Importations of electricity of Iran were more important than its Exportation S of approximately 500 million kilowatt-hours; exchanges of electricity are made with all the adjoining countries except the Iraq . A research of the Iranian ministry of energy indicated that between 15.000 to 20.000 megawatts of electricity should be produced in Iran in the 20 next years.

Statistics

Electricity:

production: 155,7 TWh (2004)
consumption: 145,1 TWh (2004)
exports: 1,837 TWh (2004)
imports: 2,17 kWh (2004)

Electricity - production by source:

Fossil energy: 93% (75% come from gas, 18% of oil) (2006)
hydroelectric: 7% (2006)
nuclear: 0% (2006)

Oil:

production: 3,979 million barrels per day (estimate 2005)
consumption: 1,51 million barrels per day (estimate 2001)
exports: 2,5 million barrels per day (estimate 2004)
imports: Unknown
proven reserves: 132,5 millards of barrils (estimate 2006)

Note: 1/3 of the needs for gasoline of Iran is imported because of insufficient domestic refining capacity, excessive consumption and the Contrebande.

Natural gas:

production: 83,9 millards of m ³ (estimate 2004)
consumption: 85,54 millards of m ³ (estimate 2004)
exports: 3,56 millards of m ³ (estimate 2004)
imports: 5,2 millards of m ³ (estimate 2004)
reserves proven: 26,62 trillions m ³ (2005)

Appendices

References

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