Encellulement

Encellulement indicates the regrouping and " overall; the catch in hands of the hommes" in the countryside in medieval Europe. This term was developed by Robert Fossier ( Enfance of Europe , 1982) and made following the Incastellamento preached by Pierre Toubert since the years 1970 by widening the village regrouping beyond the castle and of the mountainous areas. In light, according to Fossier, the capacity seigneurial would have around the year 1000, reorganized the village soils (formerly not structured and not gathered) by fixing the structures basic (castle, church, cemetery, compartmental, parochial grid), the bad habits ( malos consuetudines ) as well as true a " conscience" villager. Towards 1150, this phenomenon of regrouping is completed about everywhere.

However, if completion during the 12th century is recognized by the majority of the specialists, the birth of encellulement around the An millet poses problem. Indeed, Fossier sees a birth " there; brutale" around the year millet (between 950 and 1050) making following the folding up of the villagers near warriors after the stop of the raids Vikings and with a sensitive demographic rise lasting this same period. Dominique Barthelemy, like other historians, calls into question this vision of the " change of the year mil" by proposing a slower change in time. According to him, while resting partly on the Archéologie, it advances that encellulement would have been born in full medium from the Carolingian time as of the 9th century and would have gradually gathered the men in proto-villages until the 12th century approximately. The turning 1100 would encellulement mark the end of a first encellulement of local regrouping, making place with another encellulement more total regrouping (Church and royalty).

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