Encéphalite

A encéphalite is an ignition of the Encéphale (Cerveau).

Symptoms

The signs are variable but associate in a various way:

of the cephalgias, to see signs meninges
disorders of the Conscience: obnubilation, confusion, Coma…
of the behavioral problems: agitation, prostration…
of the convulsions;
of the overdrawn neurological signs;
of the extra-pyramidal signs;
of the cérébelleux signs: Ataxia, etc
an infectious and inflammatory syndrome: Fever, modifications of the Liquid céphalorachidien.

Assessment

Hospital, in urgency.

lumbar Puncture
Scanner in urgency
EEG
Assessment

Causes

The etiologies many and are varied. One will seek in particular a cause infectious, viral, bacterial or parasitic.

Assessment

Hospital, in urgency.

lumbar Puncture
Scanner in urgency
EEG
Assessment

The encéphalite known as " primitive"

It is due to the virus herpetic.

the electroencephalogram is disturbed in bitemporal zones.
the lumbar Puncture watch a discrete cellular reaction to lymphocytary prevalence with Protéinorachie and normal Glycorachie.
the scanner watch of the temporal zones of hypodensity and the hemorrhagic hearths.
the Sérologie allows the diagnosis.
the cerebral Biopsie is sometimes practiced.
the treatment rests on the Aciclovir associated with the Corticoïde S.
mortality and the after-effects (mental in particular) are heavy.

Meningoencephalitis with ticks (MET)

It is caused by a virus named TBEV ( Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ), considered transmitted to the man by the bite of Tique S.

70 to 90% of the human cases would pass unperceived; At the 10 to 30% others, 7 to 15 days after the puncture of tick, a first phase is characterized by symptoms of the grippaux type soft (moderated fever, shivers) during 2 to 8 days.
ten days later 10 (to 30%?) of these patients will develop a Méningite with like symptoms of the headaches, of the difficulties of concentration, the paralyzes. 1% with more those die about it (0.05-0.1% of the initial cases).

The zone of endémie of the virus would be the North-East of France, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Scandinavia, the Central Europe and of the East, as well as Asian Russia and the North of Asia). The virus is more active in the forest zones, from March to October when the ticks which transmit it are active. It seems that in many zones of the world the ticks develop. According to the areas and the years the ticks can be more or less infected by this virus. As example, in Switzerland according to the OFSP (federal Office of the public health), only 0.6 - 2.5% of the studied ticks were carrying the virus, the risk of infection is thus weak there. A Vaccin has existed for 30 years, which is recommended to the trades of nature, the hunters, to sportsmen who are involved in forests, residents of forests, etc One once does not lay out of specific drug the declared disease.

chart of the zone of endémie in Europe and Russia
European Zone of endémie

The Japanese encéphalite (EJ, VEJ, encéphalite Japanese B, arbovirus B)

It famous is transmitted by mosquitos vector. It is a virus with ARN (simple bit of positive polarity, wrapped, 40-50 Nm diameter) of the family of Flaviviridae (formerly named Togaviridae); prototype member of the antigenic complex of the Japanese encéphalite which includes also the virus of the encéphalite of Saint-Louis, the virus of the encéphalite of Murray Valley and West Nile virus. The virus is inactivated by many disinfecting, by heat; reduction of 50% after 10 minutes with 50o C, inactivation supplements after 30 min with 56o C; UV and the gamma rays. the incubation period varies from 5 to 15 days, for an infectious amount which is not connue.
the symptoms : Of inflammatory type, they relate to various parts of nervous fabrics (brain, spinal-cord and meninges).
Les benign cases passes unperceived or are characterized only by some fevers, shivers and headaches. The serious cases (encéphalite acute) are characterized violent one and sudden headaches, a raised fever, shivers, nauseas and vomiting, follow-ups of a stiffness of the nape of the neck, Photophobie and signs of neurological attack (stupor, confusion, coma, tremors, convulsions in the children and paralysis of the upper limbs). The disease is generally more serious at the nourisson and the old man, with a rate of Létalité of 5à 40% In 45 to 70% of the serious cases, neuropsychiatric after-effects will persist (sydromes parkinsonian, turbid convulsifs, paralysis, disorders mental) Zone of endémie : islands of the west of the Pacific, Japan to Philippines, and areas of Asia, of Korea, of Indonesia, of China and India; The disease seasonal in zone is moderated, with a peak in summer and at the beginning of the autumn and a development almost localized in the areas and with the times when the mosquitos are abundant and the high temperature. The virus assigns the Man, various warm-blooded animals (pigs, cattle, horses, bat, birds), but also cold blood (reptiles) by puncture of infectious mosquitos ( Culex spp . and Aedes spp ) (and perhaps by other vectors such as the ticks?), mosquitos infected infectious remainder with life, and the bird from 2 to 5 days; The pigs and the birds are suspectés to be the principal tanks, but other species whose mosquitos could perhaps constitute other tanks. The virus can survive the winter in eggs of mosquitos. Mosquitos, famous important vectors: - Culex tritaeniorhynchus (principal major vector?) - complex Culex vishnui - Culex gelidus (in the Tropics) - Culex fuscocephalus - Culex annulus One does not have drugs for this disease, but a vaccine exists.

Chart WHO of the zone of endémie

Internal bonds

Encéphalite Japanese woman
See also: spongiform Encéphalite bovine

Simple: Encephalitis

Random links: