Emulsifier
see also: Etymology of Emulsifier
A emulsifier is a saponifying aqueous solution making it possible to decrease the surface Tension of water thus supporting the formation of a foam.
Types of emulsifiers used in firefighting
There exist various types of emulsifiers used by the sappers firemen and in the Extincteur S: ; Newtonian emulsifier: Emulsifier of which viscosity is independent of its state of agitation. ; Thixotropic emulsifier : Emulsifier whose viscosity decreases when his state of agitation is increased. At rest, it can be appeared as a gel.
The manufacture of emulsifiers makes it possible to distinguish two principal foaming bases: ; Emulsifier proteinic: Contains Protéine S hydrolized ; Synthetic emulsifier: Contains synthetic surfactants of origin
One finds:
AFFF (Light water)
Emulsifier equipped with surfactants Fluor be film forming. It forms on the surface of the Hydrocarbure S a thin aqueous film the insulator of the air. It does not form an aqueous film on the polar liquid .
AFFFP (Light water proteinic)
Emulsifier proteinic showing the same characteristics as the AFFF.
AM (Surface-active agent foaming)
Emulsifier modifying the surface tension of water, very much used in forest fires and of Straw. One finds the fatty alcohols sulfonic, the Acide S naphthalene-sulfonic and the ethyl ethers. They are chemically aggressifs and difficult to proportion.
APPPP (Agent producing a general-purpose protective film)
Emulsifier which contains Polymère S Hydrophile S creating a freezing of water on the polar liquids.
General-purpose emulsifier
Effective emulsifier as much on polar fires of liquids that on the Hydrocarbon S. cold Sensible, it becomes more viscous with the approach of 0°C. It is moreover difficult to find an emulsifier general-purpose which abounds above 1:700.
Emulsifier multifoisonnement
Emulsifier which can produce different foams Foisonnement S (low, means, high).
Applications
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