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The Southeast Asia (or South-East Asia ) is the area located at the east of the India and the south of the China.

History

See also: History of the Southeast Asia

The name is not very old. It goes back to creation in 1943 of the South East Asia Command or SEAC to deal with the whole of the operations allied in the area, thus giving an organisational form to the unified command of the American, Australian, British troops and Dutchwomen under a British general. The objective of the Allies was then the reconquest of the the Indies Dutchwomen (today Indonesia) and of the British Malaysia, which explains the absence of France.

The area was in the past called transgangetic India (what means “beyond the Gange”). This reference to India is explained by the fact why the Southeast Asia is culturally strongly marked by concepts and model Indian.

The old Indian texts mention an area which they name Suvarnabhumi , ground of gold , or Suvarnadvipa , the island of gold . Many historians estimate that these names indicate the Indonesia or even only Sumatra. The Greek geographer Ptolémée (90-168 after J. - C.) speaks about one Chersonèse d' Or . The Persan scientist Al-Biruni (973-1048 after J. - C.) attests that the Indians called the area which seems to correspond to the Southeast Asia Suwarndib , i.e. Suvarnadvipa. The Chinese called the area Kin Lin, kin meaning however .

Geography

The area is located at the intersection of tectonic plates with thus a strong seismic activity and volcanic.

The Southeast Asia gathers two geographical units: the continental Southeast Asia or Indo-China, peninsula of the Unintermitting Asian located between the China and the India, and the insular Southeast Asia or the West Indies, vast archipelago extending between the Asia and the Oceania.

It includes/understands the following territories:

Definitions

Definition of the International association of air transport

For the international voyages, it is necessary to refer to the definition of the International association of air transport (AITA).

According to it, the Southeast Asia includes/understands: Brunei, Kampuchea, China without HongKong SAR and Macau SAR, Taiwan, Christmas island, Islands Coconuts, Guam, the special administrative area (SAR) of HongKong, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, the SAR of Macao, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, the Northern Marianna Islands of North, Palaos, Filipino, Russia of Asia, Singapore, Tadjikistan, Thailand, Eastern Timor, Turkménistan, Ouzbékistan, and Vietnam.

This definition is used for the price of the plane tickets and the calculation of the taxes.

The Association of the nations of Southeast Asia

ASEAN is an political organization, economic and cultural founded into 1967 who gathers the Indonesia, the Malaysia, the Filipino , Singapore, the Thailand, the Brunéi, the Vietnam, the Laos, the Myanmar, the Kampuchea.

The Republic of the Eastern Timor does not form part of it.

Population

The Southeast Asia covers a zone which approaches them: 4000000 km ². In 2004, 593 million people lived there. More than one sixth (114 million) saw on the island indonésienne Java, the densest island of the world as inhabitants.

The religions are distributed manners varied in the area.

30 million Chinese also lives in Southeast Asia, mainly in Indonesia, Malaysia, in Singapore, in Thailand and in Vietnam.

Linguistic and ethnic groups

The Southeast Asia is mainly made up of Asian stock. Nevertheless, according to a recent genetic study of the University of Stanford, this population is not homogeneous.

On the linguistic level, the inhabitants of the area speak about the austroasiatic languages (Langues my-Khmer) and austronésiennes, resulting from migrations since the south and south-east from China which start towards 3.000 front J. - C., and tai-kadai and tibéto-Burmeses, resulting from more recent migrations. In Indonesia and with the Eastern Timor, one finds also Langues papoues.

Into term of population, the existence of a trade with China since at least the 1st century resulted in the appearance of Chinese communities in all the area. The testimony of the Chinese admiral Zheng He attests of their presence in the ports of the archipelago Indonesia N and the Malayan Péninsule at the beginning of the 14th century.

Philippines, Malaysia, and Singapore have important European popupations.

The linguistic distinctions combined with the “ethnic” distinctions bring to produce the following figures:

  • Brunei : Malayan (69%), Chinese (18%), Orang Asli (" indigènes") (6%), others (7%)

  • Kampuchea: Khmer (94%), Chinese (4%), Vietnameses (1%), others (mainly Chams) (1%)
  • Light Timor: Austronésiens various, Papou S, Chinese
  • Indonesia: Javanese (45%), Sundanais (15%), Madura is and Malais (8%), Chinese (2%), others (20%)
  • Laos: Lowland Lao (56%), Lao Theung (34%), Lao Soung (10%)
  • Malaysia: Malayan and Orang Asli (60%), Chinese (25%), Indians (10%), others (3%)
  • Myanmar (Burma): Burmese S (68%), Shan (9%), Karen (6%), Rakhines (4%), Chinese (34%), Indians (2%), My S (2%), others (5%)
  • Filipino: Filipinos (95%), Chinese (2%), others (American, European, Indian, Arab, Korean, etc) (3%)
  • Singapore: Chinese (76%), Malayan (15%), Indians (7%), others (2%)
  • Thailand: Thais (75%), Chinese (14%), Malayan (4%), Khmers (3%), others (4%)
  • Taiwan: Minnan (70%), Hakka (15%), Han (12%), aboriginals (2%)
  • Vietnam: Vietnameses (88%), Chinese (4%), Thais (2%), others (6%)

Religions

Composition for each country.

  • Brunei: Islam (67%), Buddhism (13%), Christianity (10%), indigenous and different beliefs (10%)
  • Cambodia: Buddhism theravāda (9%), Animism and others
  • Eastern Timor: Christianity (90%), Islam (4%) and others
  • Indonesia: Islam (88%), Christianity (9%), Buddhism, Hindouisme and others
  • Laos: Buddhism theravāda (60%), animism and others (40%)
  • Malaysia: Islam (69%), Buddhism mahāyāna (20%), Christianity, hindouism and animism
  • Myanmar: Buddhism theravāda (89%), Islam (5%), Christianity (4%), hindouism (1%) and Filipino animism
  • : Christianity (90%), Islam (7%), Buddhism and others (3%)
  • Singapore: Chinese religions (Buddhism mahāyāna, Taoism and Confucianism) (51%), Islam (15%), Christianity (14%), hindouism (4%)
  • Taiwan: Buddhism, taoism and Confucianism (83%), chistianism (4,5%), others (2,5)
  • Thailand: Buddhism theravāda (93%), Islam (6%), hindouism, Sikhisme, Christianity and taoism
  • Vietnam: Buddhism mahāyāna (50%), Confucianism, Christianity and Islam.

Languages

Environment

It contains a natural park

Culture

See too

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