Emoticon
A emoticon , portemanteau word French composed of the words emotion and icon , is a representation in typographical characters of an emotion. By extension, the term can be to employ for other representations which do not want to be emotions inevitably. The term Smiley is also employed when they are faces. The first and principal Francization are hoe , although this one did not conquer yet a majority of users Francophone S. One uses also the term frimousse or more simply head . But these proposal still evoke the face (Smiley) rather than all the emoticons.
Definition
They are combinations of natures ASCII used graphically to form mainly faces. They express something that the writing on screen, often fast and more instinctive than reflected, does not make it possible to appreciate. Very much used, there are hundreds, and some are even personal signatures evoking certain characteristics of their author. The emoticons are primarily employed to indicate the notes of humor, but also of the moments of sadness, the emotions, or to express a physical attitude (sulky person, dumb man…). One finds emoticons a little everywhere, mainly in the Email and the messages of the users of the newsgroups (Newsgroups). Not to confuse with the ASCII Art nor with the typographical ornaments called Half-case (Dingbats).
The invention of the emoticons is generally allotted to Scott E. Fahlman, professor at the university Carnegie Mellon, which it on September 19th, 1982 created the symbol: -) in order to label the funny or ironic messages which circulated on the forum of its university. The emoticon : -) was invented by Scott E. Fahlman
The first emoticons were:
: -) and: - (
what explains its name “smiley” since “English spalling hammer” means “smile”.
It is enough to lean the head on the left side with 90° to include/understand. One then sees a face stylized with the character colon for the eyes, an indent for the nose and a bracket for the mouth.
This known as, a message of September 20th, 1982 specifies that before the invention of Scott E. Fahlman, the symbol \ __/evoking a smile was already used.
It is almost more frequent to see hoes without “nose today”
In France, it is more current to use the English term . The term “hoe” is recommended by the General delegation to the French language and the languages of France (DGLF) like by the Québécois Office of the French language (OQLF) (since 1995). Among the other terms suggested, one will find “frimousse”, “souriard”, “smiling”, “trombine”, “mug”, “face”, “mimicry”, “catch smile”, even “p' tit catch which laughs” and of course “emoticon” as mentioned above.
The emoticon term was not retained because of its lack of precision, since a hoe is not an icon, to the direction recognized in data processing in this term. As a hoe can suggest varied expressions others that the smile, the terms smiling and souriard, copies of English smiley, were not retained either. The term “frimousse” was adopted tardily by the general Commission of terminology and neology (CGTN) of France in 1999.
In emanating spite of the recommendations of organizations to vocation of linguistic standardization, both in France and in Quebec, the French-speaking use did not slice yet between the smiley (which remains, and by far, most frequent in the French-speaking uses all confused countries, even if its direction is very restrictive), emoticon (perceived like the rather official term), and hoe (almost unknown). Trombine seems to have a certain popularity in France, less however than the precedents.
Certain left-handeds person put a point of honor to put the mouth on the left when it is possible: (-: )-:
Hoes Japanese style
They are called in Japan Kao Maaku or Face Marks (which wants to say “face of face”) because they have the characteristic to be read without leaning the head, and their C-W communication takes as a starting point the expressions of characters in the Manga S.
Characters 'or " are added to translate a light embarrassment (representation of a bead of sweat), for example: ^^' or - _- 'or - _-"
They are often more visual and allow different variations and interpretations.
Some of these hoes are largely used in Occident by the nuance which they bring. Thus a smile with the open eyes “: -) ” is not used in the same context as a smile with the closed eyes “^^”, the mouth which makes the connection between the two eyes is used however little for this one. “T_T”, “O_o” or “< _> ” is also very widespread.
Explanation on the difference between Western format and Japanese format
Researchers in psychology of the universities of Hokkaidō (Japan) and Alberta (Canada), directed by Masaki Yuki, analyzed how the Japanese and the Americans decipher the facial expressions. Thus, the Americans concentrate on the lips, and the Japanese on the eyes. This is why the emoticons Western show a large variety of mouths, for example:
:) : (: | : D: p, etc
while the Japanese emoticons present a large variety of eyes, for example
^_^ T_T ô_O - _ - >_<, etc
Graphic emoticons
Because of growing popularity of the emoticons, the majority of the Webmail S, customers emails or instant message software propose the insertion of emoticons to the graphic and nontextual format, even the automatic replacement of the textual emoticons by their graphic equivalent, if there exists. These equivalents are not turned of 90° towards the left, and are, generally, more rich person on the level of the details because not subjected to the constraints of the ASCII characters, even animated, in the form of images to the format GIF.
It should be noted that of another people, to start with Scott E. Fahlman, deplore the systematic replacement of the emoticons by smiley in the mail systems modern. If it is obvious that they decorate the texts of pretty colors and make their significance more obvious, it is as true as he constrained the users with a particular syntax. Thus, we are gradually in the process of lose the practice of the emoticons with cap D: -) since it are not returned any more correctly: D.
The graphic emoticons developed after great success with thePlain ones. Since Spanish benefitted from this splendid work for the talk abroad (with State-plain), it thus became a work without copyright, which in short of which the free use of the emoticon. Thereafter, of many Internet sites knew to introduce its emoticons by modifying them for thus producing graphic emoticons. The success of the emoticons makes great devastation on the Web, because this makes it possible to the users to be more easily expressed and in a rather original way.
List emoticons
| Format occidental | Description | Style |
|---|---|---|
| Émoticône most current | ||
| : -) or:) | Sourire | ^^ or (^_^) or (^^) or n_n |
| : - (or: ( | tristesse | é_è or Y_Y |
| : -| or: | | serieux | |
| : - D or: D | riant of all its dents | |
| ; -) or;) | wink | ^_- or (o.~) |
| : - P or: P | tirant the langue | |
| Moins classique | ||
| : - X or: - X or: - # | ne not speaking, muet | |
| : - * | bisou | |
| : - O or: O or: o | criant | |
| |- O | bâillant | |
| : - o | étonné, stops bée, surpris | (@_@) or O_o or oO or °° |
| : - ° | sifflant, taking the air in | |
| : '( | pleurant | T_T or; _; |
| 8-) | n' by not believing its eyes, worship | *_*, +_+, °_°, ¤_¤, *o* |
| B-) | cool (sunglasses) | |
| : - \: S: $: X: s | confus, embarras | |
| d: -) | ajout of a casquette | |
| =: -/ | Punk | |
| +: -| | Pope | |
| : - | agressif E | (showing the teeth)|
| : - € | Vampire | |
| : - 3) | une nobody with moustache | |
| ~<: O) | Clown | |
| : -/or: / | Consternation | '-_- or _" or >_> or “_” or -. - ' |
| X- | Contrariété | >_< or >< or ~_~ |
| xD, XD, X) | Personnage style South Park | |
| : @ or >: ( | colère | è_é |
| Fatigue | U_U or =_= or - _- | |
| mort | x_x | |
| Youpi! | \ (^o^)/or \ O | |
| représente joy with the two inches in the air. | d^o^b | |
| Écoute with the casque. | d O.O b | |
| : *) | pour the ivresse | |
| : d | pour to express the possibility of touching its nose with its langue | |
| : @] | un man with a large nez | |
| . -) or.) | un one-eyed man or a pirate | |
| °J° or °L° | ahuri (resulting from FFwTT) | |
| : - (((((((((((( | super triste | |
| Certaines approaches the ASCII Art | ||
| : (_8^ (|) | Homer Simpson | |
| @@@@@@@8-) | Margin Simpson | |
| E: O) | un cat (nice, childish) | =^.^= or >^.^< |
| °P° | Une dinde | |
| \ _ (,) °> | une mouse or a rat | |
| °.OO.° | Un Dog | |
| } =D | Une Cow | |
| : 3 | représente a monkey and by extension a character taquin | |
| <3 or (L) | un heart (love) | |
| orz | représente a character who prostrate (?) | |
| (_) _TNT_)------* | (TNT) | |
| /! \ | un panel danger | |
| (> ' - “) >< (” - “) >< (” - '<) | Kirby | |
| .o (.)O. or .oO0 (. ) 0Oo. | Phylactère (idea) the ". " is replaced by texte | |
| (_) 3 or (~) 3 | Choppe of bière | |
| ==> | " I sors" (an arrow showing the meaning hooks door, the exit) | |
| Par derision, some représentent | ||
| (_Y_) (_|_) (_ \ _) (_/_) (_o_) | des Buttock s | |
| 3==D 8==D 8=-- (_) _) XXD | un sex masculin | |
| (Y) (_8_) | ou féminin | |
| (. Y.) (O) (O) | voire of the seins | |
List recent additions
- : -)
- : - D
See too
Internal bonds
- the category of the model of emoticons
- List of terms of slang Internet
External bonds
- Arobase.org: the smiley
- Emoticon
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