Emmy Noether

Emmy Noether (born Amalie Noether the March 23rd 1882 with Erlangen, Germany - the April 14th 1935 in Pennsylvania) was a German Mathématicien .

Biography

Girl of the mathematician max Noether, it follows studies of languages, then mathematics with Erlangen and Göttingen, two cities considered in mathematics. The women were not allowed as students, it is thus registered as a free listener. She supports nevertheless in 1908 her thesis on the Invariant S, with the congratulations of the jury.

Thanks to the support of David Hilbert, she teaches in Göttingen in a semi-official way (professorship being reserved with the men in Prussia until in 1920). The May 8th 1919, an exemption is granted to him for teaching and it is named professor without pulpit (and without wages!) in April 1922. She lives primarily on revenues of a small heritage, then on another contract of teaching.

In 1933, it is put at the retirement by the Nazis in spite of the support of its pupils. It takes refuge then with the the United States, where it gives courses to prestigious the Université of Princeton. In parallel, it occupies a post of professor with the Women' S College of Bryn Mawr. She dies two years later of the continuations of an abdominal operation.

With Bartel van der Waerden, which works with it, and Emil Artin, it is a great figure of the German mathematical School of the beginning of the 20th century. It is in its honor that the rings noethériens are named.

Mathematical work

It is especially known to have established a basic result in Mathematical physics, the theorem of Noether, binder Symétrie and preserved size, and which is applauded cordially by Albert Einstein. It takes part in the creation of the modern algebra, in particular the structures of ideal rings and .

References

  • Gottfried E. Noether, Emmy Noether (1882-1935) in Louise S. Grinstein and Paul J. Campbell: Women off Mathematics: In Bibliographic Sourcebook (New York, Greenwood Near), 1987, pp. 165-170.
  • Dick, Auguste. 1981. Emmy Noether 1882-1935 . Translated by H.I. Blocher. Boston: Birkhauser.
  • Brewer, James, and Smith, Martha (eds.). 1981. Emmy Noether: In Tribute to Her Life and Work . New York: Marcel Dekker.
  • Paul Dubreil, Emmy Noether , Books of the seminar of history of mathematics , volume 7 (1986), p. 15-27.

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