Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (to pronounce), born the May 3rd 1748 with Frejus and dead the June 20th 1836 with Paris, is a man of the church, politician and essay writer French.

Biography

Wire of an employee of the tax department and postmaster, it made its studies with the Séminaire of Saint-Sulpice to Paris and became priest in 1774. It took an active share with the French revolution as of its beginning, with the publication in 1789 of What the third state? , which obtained a great repercussion, until its end, by its participation in the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire.

In 1789, it was elected appointed Tiers state with the General states and proposed, on June 17th 1789, the transformation of the Room of the Third state into National Assembly. It wrote the Serment of the Play of palm and worked with the drafting of the Constitution.

Elected in three departments with the Convention, he voted the death of the king. He gave up his load of priest according to the methods in force of the civil Constitution of the clergy.

During the preparation of the Constitution of year III, on July 20th 1795 (Thermidor 2), it made a speech remained famous during which it proposed the installation of a Jurie constitutionnaire, first project of a wide control of the constitutionality of the acts of the bodies of the State.

In 1795, it refused the position of director to which it was elected. In 1798, it was sent like Ambassadeur to Berlin. In 1799, it was solved to enter to the Directoire, then prepared the Coup d'etat of the 18 brumaire and became president of the Sénat under the Empire. It is created count d' Empire in May 1808. During the Restoration, of 1815 with 1830, it was exiled for Régicide with Brussels. It returned to France only in 1830.

French Academy

In 1795, Sieyès was initially member of the class of sciences morals and policies, future Academy of Science morals and political of the Institut of France.

At the time of the reorganization of 1803, it moreover was elected in the second class, which succeeded the French Academy after several years of disappearance, and where it replaced, with the armchair 31, Jean-Sylvain Bailly, guillotine on November 12th 1793.

After the Second Restoration of 1815, Sieyès was excluded from the Academy, in 1816, as a Régicide, and was replaced at once by the marquis de Lally-Tollendal, named by royal decree.

Thought and proposals

Sieyès and sociology

Recent critical publication of new works of the Sieyès abbot, watch that it is him the inventor of the neologism Sociologie .

Sieyès and social art

“The object of the physicist, declared Sieyès, it is to explain the phenomena of the physical universe. Since this universe exists independently of him, the physicist must be satisfied to observe the facts and to show of them the reports/ratios necessary. But the policy is not physics, and the model of nature does not apply to the human businesses. For Sieyès, the company is an artificial construction, a building; the science of the company should thus be, strictly speaking, a social architecture. Just as the young person Marx was to reproach philosophy hégélienne for interpreting the world, without showing how to change it, in the same way the Sieyès young person very early rejected the idea according to which the only task of the philosopher would be to state the social facts. Its criticism had initially taken for target the despotism of the facts on the principles, which it detected in physiocracy. The day before the General states, it found a new target in the historical approach adopted by the disciples of Montesquieu and in their veneration, them “extase Gothic” for the model of the English constitution. ”

Sieyès takes an active part in work of Convention on the reform of the administrative chart, and he proposes to adopt a cutting of France in squares of 5 km side for the communes, and 50 km side for the departments. He left his name to a standard of chalk-lining of paper in squares of 0,5 side cm called ruling siéhès

Notes and ré fé rences

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