Emile Duclaux

See also: Duclaux

Emile Duclaux , born the June 24th 1840 with Aurillac (Cantal), dead the May 2nd 1904 with Paris, is a physicist, biologist and chemist French. It succeeded Pasteur in 1895 with the head of the institute of the same name.

Biography

Wire of an usher close to the court of Aurillac and of a épicière.

It follows its studies to the college of Aurillac, then with the Saint-Louis College in Paris.

In 1859, it is received simultaneously at the Polytechnic school and the National university. It chooses finally the Teacher training school.

In 1862, he is assistant in the laboratory of Louis Pasteur.

In 1866, it is named substitute for the pulpit of chemistry to the Faculty of Science of Clermont-Ferrand. He collaborates with Louis Pasteur in the study of the disease of the worms in silk, with Bridge-Gisquet.

In 1873, it marries Mathilde Briot, girl of the mathematician, who will give him two wire Pierre and Jacques.

It starts then a career as professor (in Tours in 1865, in Clermont-Ferrand in 1866, Lyon in 1873 and Paris in 1878).

During most of its career, it was associated with the work of Louis Pasteur.

The work of Duclaux was mainly in the fields of the Chimie, the Bactériologie and the Agriculture. With Louis Pasteur, he collaborated in the study of diseases of silkworm and also took part in the experiments to refute the theory on the spontaneous Generation. Duclaux undertook the studies on the Phylloxera, a parasite similar to the plant louse which attacks the vineyards. It especially made research on the chemical conversion of milk to cheese, as well as the processes of beer fermentation. As a professor of university it gave courses of sciences of the sphere (Météorologie) and of Physique.

In 1880, his first wife dies, reached Fièvre puerpérale, after the birth of a third child.

In 1887, with Charles Chamberland, Jacques-Joseph Grancher, Edmond Nocard and Red-headed Emile, he was the first Master of publication of the Institut Pasteur. With died of Pasteur, Duclaux became the director of the Institute of 1895 to 1904, with Emile Roux and Charles Chamberland as sub-managers.

Duclaux was a prolific author, his most known publications are the Traité microbiology , social hygiene , Ferments and diseases and Pasteur, history of a spirit which is a biography devoted to Pasteur.

In 1898 it takes share with the defense of the captain Dreyfus, at the time of the Business. It is named vice-president of the French Ligue for the defense of the human rights and the citizen of which it is one of the founders.

In 1901, it marries Mrs. James Darmesteter (born Agnès Marie Francoise Robinson). The second woman of Duclaux, Agnès Marie Francoise de Duclaux was a well-known author and her son Jacques Eugene Duclaux a chemist of reputation.

Titles and distinctions

  • Member of the Academy of Science, in the section of rural economy (1888).

  • Sub-manager of the Institute Pasteur (1888-1895).
  • Directing of the Institute Pasteur (1895-1904)
  • Publication director of the Institute Pasteur
  • Vice-president of the French League for the defense of the human rights and the citizen of which it is one of the founders.

Works

  • Treated microbiology
  • Pasteur, history of a spirit, Charaire Printing works, 1896
  • social hygiene , 1902
  • Leavens and diseases

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • Files of the institute Pasteur

  • Emile Duclaux, Pasteur, history of a spirit, Charaire Printing works, 1896. Downloadable free on the site of the National library of France (BNF), Gallica

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