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Years -490 | Years -480 | Years -470 | Years -460 | Years -450
Years -440 | Years -430 | Years -420 | Years -410 | Years -400

See also: List of the centuries, Roman numerals ----

Events

Africa

  • Apogee of the civilization Nok with the Nigeria (-500/-200).
    • In 1943, of the tin minors discover in Nok of the terra cotta statuettes of a great beauty and an undeniable unit of style, which for the majority represent heads or characters. One discovers at their sides of the traces of industry of iron going up around -500 for oldest. A little later are exhumed ten blast furnaces which were used for the cast iron of the ores (Tarouga, -460).

Americas

  • ritual Destruction of the city Olmèque of Was windy It (- 500/-400). The olmèque occupation continues with Tres Zapotes.

  • Civilization Zapotèque. Established in the current State of Oaxaca, the Zapotèques will build more than two hundred urban centres.

  • Temple of Danzantes (dancers) with Assembles Albán, vast showing hillock with flat top flanked of more than 150 flagstones of the naked men illustrated in strange postures, as if they danced or nageaint.

Europe

Greek world

  • With Athens lives, about 400  000 people, of which 300  000 are Esclave S and 50.000 are Métèque S (including women and children). The city knows an economic and military apogee. After the medic Wars, it creates the Ligue of Délos with its allies. But, after long the Peloponnesian War, Athens loses its military power definitively.
  • (-478) Foundation by Athens or Chalcis of Néapolis (Naples) close to Cumes which consequently becomes Paléopolis, using the refugees of the island of Samos under the control of the Stratège and Sibylle hermaphrodite of Cumes, Aristodemos it Malasio also called Parthénope (virgin) using volcanic sands of Dicéarchie (Pouzzoles).
  • At the 5th century, the Thessalie is divided into four areas (Tétrades): the Thessaliotide, the Phthiotide, the Pélasgiotide and the Hestiaotide. Each one at its head a Polémarque having Contingent S provided by 150 Circonscription S ( Klèroi ). In the event of war, a single chief ( tagos ), can be indicated. But divisions between the aristocratic big families put at evil this system.
    • the company thessalienne is divided between free men, Périèques (who form true states but are subjected to the tribute) and Pénestes. The latter are perhaps Béotien S not having emigrated in Béotie during the invasion of the country by Thessaliens and reduced in slavery. They are attached to the ground and sold at the same time as the field. They will be released gradually during IVe and of.
    • the population of Thessalie is estimated at 330.000 or 370.000 people. The agricultural production makes it possible to nourish them and export the corn surpluses. The plains are appropriate for the breeding, in particular of the horses.

Roman world

  • Latin League against Etruscan, Volsques and Eques directed by Tusculum (thirty cities of which Alba, Tusculum, Aricia, Tibur, Caro, Ardée, Pometia, Lavinium, Fidènes, Lanuvium, later Préneste…). Its federal center is the fountain of the Ferentina goddess, on the territory of Aricia. Rome initially refuses to recognize it.

  • the Samnites (Sabellien people) settle in Samnium, in Italy. The Iapyges, coming from It, settle in the south-east of the Italy.

Spain

  • Multiplication of the treasures the torques ones and Celtic sites strengthened in the center and the west of the Spain starting from -500. Sculptures massive, known as celtiberic, come from these castros ; they represent hieratic wild boars, bulls and warriors holding a shield and raising torque.

Celtic world

  • the Greek geographer Hécatée de Milet (-548/-475) mentions for the first time the Celtes with.
  • Reign of Ambigatos, king of the Bituriges in Gaulle. The legend wants that Bituriges then had hegemony on the de Gaulle Celts. Their king Ambigatos, wishing to avoid with his kingdom overpopulation, decides to send his nephews Bellovèse and Ségovèse to be established in places which the gods will assign to them. To Ségovèse, oracle indicates the forest hercynienne; in Bellovèse direction of the Italy.

  • On left bank of the Rhine, in the hills of the Hunsrück and the Eiffel, a group of Celtes is characterized by its dynamism and its conservatism (fine Life-medium 4th century). The concentration of rich tombs is largest there for the time, under often grouped tumulus, and sometimes in relation to strengthened habitats. The princes are buried there according to the rite of the old Celts. Torques, bracelets, fibules out of gold, elements of belt, bronze tank or iron, abound there. Same civilization opens out in Bohemia, where strengthened villages, like Zavist, are built or are rebuilt.

    • the female princely burials provide astonishing vestiges: that of Bad Dürkheim at the 5th century (tripod and stamos Etruscan, torques and gold bracelet), of Reinheim (beginning 4th century), of Waldalgesheim (fine 4th century).

Germanic world

  • Appearance of the Clippings, come from Germany of North to the Netherlands. Confronted with the increase of water, they are established on artificial hills, the Terpens, sites of defense, habitat and of storage, which is the center of an economy complexes founded on the breeding, fishing, maritime trade and exploitation of sea salt.

Russia

  • the agglomeration of Kamenskoïé, in the north of the Black Sea, has an enclosure strengthened of more than 8 km ² of surface. It is occupied without interruption of Ve with.

Asia

China

  • In China, emergence of the 7 kingdoms which were fought during 280 years (-403 with -221), until the final victory of Ts' in (Qin) and unification of China in 221 av. J. - C..
  • Construction of defensive walls (Changcheng) in the States of Chu and IQ, of stoppings, dams and channels to irrigate and contain the risings.

  • Of Ve with. , the landscape and the natural conditions of China know a fast and complete transformation: immense surfaces of forests are cleared, drained, put in culture and are often irrigated. The cultivated grounds come from there to be touched at the borders of the kingdoms. The population of China to the basin of the Yangzi Jiang increases quickly in spite of the fatal wars. The cities increase their walls, become populated and are surrounded by a second enclosure of ramparts.

Southeast Asia

  • Realization of the bronze drums of Dong Its (Vietnam of North).

  • Colonization of Ceylon by Indo-European tribes (Sinhaleses) come from the valleys of the Gange and Indus.

  • Appearance of the first important cities in India, like Kauśâmbî or Râjagriha, which extends on more than two square kilometers. The cooked brick starts again with being employed (ramparts of Kauśâmbî).

  • Taxila and Charsadda becomes important commercial cities in India. They ensure the transmission of the Persian influences, then hellenistic.

  • Appearance in many sites of North of the India of a glazed black ceramics (- 500/-100).

Central Asia

  • the extension of the breeding gradually disintegrates the big family with the profit of the patriarchal family in Mongolia.

    • the archaeological sources of the Ve-3rd century before the Christian era indicate that the breeding is then very widespread in Mongolia, in the meadows of the valleys of the Orkhon and of the Kerulen (rings of muzzles and bronze tools in connection with the breeding, jewels intended to decorate the animals, remainders of bone of horse, ox, sheep and goat). The mountains abound in game. A primitive agriculture is attested by mortars and crushers of bronze.
    • rupestral Drawings illustrating the expansion of the breeding: stylized hunters, shepherds leading their herds, tanks.

  • Steles with stags in Mongolia: stone pillars on the sides of which groups of stags drawn up upwards and crowned of a stylized solar disk are represented (Ve-3rd century).

  • Kourganes of Pazyryk in the Altaï: wheel carriage, wall felt covering, bit and supports, carpet of embroidered silk saddle, carved objects of wood. The tumulus 2 contains the corpse of a covered chief of tattooings, with bronze mirrors come from China.

The Middle East & Arab world

  • Of the {{mini Ve}} at fourth century BC, thanks to freedoms which reign in the Perse empire, Judaea and Samarie becomes more flourishing. The Jews restore Jerusalem (rebuilt starting from 445 av. J. - C.) and its Temple (rebuilt as of 516 av. J. - C.). The large priest of Jerusalem is named administrator of the Persian province of Judaea, which made of it a Théocratie.
  • Drafting of the Book of Malachie at the beginning of the century (anonymous). It is the last of the " Prophets " in the biblical tradition.
  • Drafting of the Book of Job (half of the front century J. - C.)
  • Drafting of the Book of Jonas (century or century).

Significant characters

  • Périclès (Athenian, v. 495 with 429 av. J. - C.). The historians call the . the “century of Périclès”.

  • Socrate (Athenian, towards -469 with -399) is regarded as the founder of the Western Philosophie. He is known thanks to the works of his disciple Plato.
  • Archélaos of Millet, Timée, philosophers of the Ionian school. Zénon of Elée, Melissos of Samos, Tiller the misanthropist, philosophers.
  • Protagoras of Abdère, Prodikos of Kéa, Hippias of Elides, Antiphon the Athenian, Aklidamas, Gorgias, Tracymachos, Kallikratis, Kritias, philosophical sophists installed with Athens.
  • Méton, Athenian astronomer. Philolaos, astronomer pythagorician and philosopher. Mnésiclès, architect. Alcamène, Callimaque, Calamis, Myron, Polyclète, Phidias, sculptors. Polygnote, Parrhasios, Zeuxis, painters. Brygos, Douris, painters of vases. Corinne, poetess and mistress of Pindare. Athenian Cratinos, Cratès, comic poets. Phrynichos Athenian tragic poet. Bacchylide of Céos, poet. Panyassis, poet epic. Ctésias, historian and doctor of Cyrus and Artaxerxès II.
  • Pânini, grammairien, lives in India.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

Asia

  • the Chinese blacksmiths use with large scales the process of the pig iron to produce enormous quantities of weapons and tools, which will make it possible to increase the productivity of the arable lands considerably and to allow the agglomeration and urban development.
  • In China, beginning of the use of the currency with at the beginning the use of swords and miniature knives of bronze carrying an inscription indicating their origin.
  • Grains of Coriandre from Southern Asia found in the kourganes of Pazyryk.
  • Use of iron in the center of the Siam.
  • flooded Culture of the Rice to the Japan.
  • the Perses acclimatize new food species (rice, fishing, apricot…) in Occidental Asia.

Europe

  • Adoption of the Greek alphabet with the vowels and being read from left to right.
  • In Greece, concept of Atom germ among philosophers Présocratiques.
  • Developed by the Corinthians of the trière, combat ship with three rows of oarsmen.
  • Improvement of the techniques in Greece (- 500/-300): traction, stereotomy, mining, architecture, sculptor, town planning, music, etc
  • the Wine, transported in the form of concentrate aromatized in amphoras, replaces hydromel in the Celtic traditional ceremony of the symposium. Traces are present in the content of the gourd of prince de Hallein. Greek and Etruscan crockery (œnochoé) are used at the time of the meals of festival and princely funeral.

Africa

  • First copper smelting in sub-Saharan Africa (Niger and Mali).

Americas

  • First inscription hieroglyphic with Assembles Albán, with the Mexico.

Nds-nl: 5th eeuw v. Chr.

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