Eleatic school
The Eleatic school is a school of Philosophie founded by Xénophane de Colophon, in Campania, in the south of current Italy, with Élée, from where the Eleatic qualifier. Élée was a colony of Phocée, in Ionie.
The principal representatives of this school were Parménide and Zénon, all of them of Élée, and Mélissus de Samos.
Parménide is at the origin of the concept of Être, it is the founder of the ontology.
For Parménide, two ways arise to that which seeks the Vérité; the first is the assertion of the existence Être, access road to the truth ( the Being is ). Apart from this way, the way of the confused Opinion is only one not thought, the Doxa or imperfect knowledge.
Contrary to Héraclite, centered on becoming to it things, Parménide remains very concrete: its poem Of nature does not express an abstract being. One cannot thus consider that Parménide opposes the direction (which would be only illusion) and the Raison (only access road to the truth, but the Being and the doxa.
Parménide sought to develop a philosophical method: it is a question of distinguishing the truth from the opinion that one can have on a fact.
It came at the age 65 years to Athens, where it knew Socrate.
Parménide is one of the most important representatives of the Eleatic school and one of the Présocratiques which influenced the most the Philosophie Occident ale. Its ideas had a considerable range thereafter, with Plato, which devoted one of its dialogs to Parménide , and Aristote, which developed the concept To be in the books gathered in occident at the 13th century in the Métaphysique .
Zénon d' Élée, disciple of Parménide, are regarded as the inventor of the Dialectique.
See too