Elbląg
Elbląg (to pronounce:
The city is located on the Elbląg river connecting the Lac Drużno to bay of the the Vistula.
Name of the city
According to various sources, the name of the river having given its name to the city has origins old man-Prussian or Germanic (Gothic). Old sources: river Ilfing (890), Castrum de Elbingo quod has nominates fluminis Elbingum appellavit (1237 - Peter Dusburg, Chronicon Prussiae Ground), in Elbingo (1239), in Elbing (1242), in Elbinge… fluvium Elbinc (1246, charter of the city), of Elbingo (1250), in Elbyngo (1258), glazed Elbingum (1263), Elvingo (1293), in Elbingo (1300), in Elvingo (1389), czum Elbinge (1392), czu Elbing (1403), Elwing (1410), czum Elwinge (1412), Elbing (1414 - 1438), Elbyang (before 1454), Elbing (1508), ku Elbiągowi (1634), W Elblągu (1661), W Elblągu (1661).The city was called Elbing in 1237 and kept this name until in 1945, when it was changed into Elbląg.
Literature:
- Elbląg , in: Kazimierz Rymut, Nazwy Miast Polski , Ossolineum, Wrocław 1987
- Hubert Gurnowicz, Elbląg , in: Nazwy miast Pomorza Gdańskiego , Ossolineum, Wrocław 1978
History
Old man-Prussian city of Truso
The seaport of Truso on the Ilfing river was mentioned for the first time towards 890 by Wulfstan de Hedeby, a Anglo-Saxon sailor , travelling on the southern part of the the Baltic. The exact site of Truso is not certain, the coast having changed in an important way, but the majority of the historians the site in or near the modern city of Elbląg.It was an important seaport, credit also on bay of the the Vistula at the time of first trade route in the area. The goods principal goods exchanged were the Ambre, the Fourrure and the Esclave S. the city was inhabited by tradesman and craftsmen old man-Prussians, and attended by going of the neighbouring areas (Poland, Scandinavia). Truso declined commercially towards the 10th century, and its functions taken again by Gdańsk and later by Elbląg.
Truso , located on the Lake Druzno, was year Old Prussian town near the Baltic Sea just east off the Vistula To rivet. It was one off the trading posts one the Amber Road, and is thought to previous Be the off the city off Elbląg. --> Truso occupied a central position on the Eastern roads of trade, which went from Birka, in the north of the Gotland and of Visby on the the Baltic, and included/understood the Hanseatic city later of Elbląg. From there, the tradesman gained Carnuntum in the the carnic Alps. The old road of Amber led towards south-west and to south-east towards the Black Sea, to see the Asia.
The East-West road started from Truso, which would run along the the Baltic until the Jutland, and by rivers until Hedeby, a shopping mall in the center of Jutland. Hedeby, which was near the current town of Schleswig to the the Schleswig-Holstein, occupied a central position and could be reached of the four cardinal points, like by the the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Baltic.
About year 890, Wulfstan d' Hedeby undertook a voyage by boat of Hedeby until Truso at the instigation of the king Alfred Large the. One of the possible reasons for this forwarding was that a help was to be was to be brought to Harold to deny oneself the Danes or Viking S which occupied most of the England. The reasons of this voyage remain obscure, Truso being at the time more than one simple commercial counter, and Alfred the Large one, the sovereign of Western Prussia, kept close contacts with the Saxon continental ones and the Francs.
Arrival of Christendom: the Order teutonic
With the S, the region raised of the Duché Polish of Poméranie Eastern. The Christianisation of the territory was entrusted to Christian, bishop of Prussia (Zantyr) and with the teutonic Ordre which accepted the Kulmerland (or Chelmno Land ) in Fief of the independent duke Conrad de Mazovie. The expansion of the teutonic State, embryo of the Eastern Prussia, was accomplished only one about fifty years later at the price of bloody battles, period during which new fortified towns, commercial counters and cities were founded.
A city called Elbing in Pogesanie was founded in 1237 by German tradesmen close to the ruins of fortress old man-Prussian and the counter of Truso, on old the Route of amber. The knights teutonic built a castle, from now on destroyed. When Prussia was divided into four dioceses, Elbling and Pogesanie belonged to the one of the new dioceses, named Pomésanie.
In 1246 Elbląg accepted the Droits of Lübeck, which confirmed its importance as a Seaport (contrary to other towns of Eastern Europe, which had the Droits of Magdeburg). At that time, it was an important port, member of the Hanseatic League, with important commercial exchanges with the England, the Flandres, the France and the Holland. The city accepted many commercial privileges of England, of Poland, of Poméranie, and teutonic Ordre, the such privilege of the old city of Elbląg granted in 1343, extended in 1393 on the trade of the grain, metal and products forest. Another establishment called new city of Elbląg was founded in 1337, which accepted the rights of Lübeck in 1347.
The oldest copy of communal Law Polish called the Book of Elbląg ( Księga Elbląska ), was written in the second part of the 13th century. A list of vocabulary of the Baltic language Old Prussian, called Elbing-Preussisches Wörterbuch ( Prussian Vocabulary of Elbląg ), was founded towards 1350 by the administrators of the city.
Membership of the Hanseatic League
The commercial cities of Elbląg (Elbing), Gdańsk (Danzig), and Toruń (Thorn), under the imperial direction of Cologne, formed the Hanseatic League.
In 1440, the cities of Eastern Prussia formed the Prussian Confédération (Preussische Bund), which victoriously raised in 1454 against the Ordre Teutonique. The Prussian confederation called upon the king de Pologne Casimir IV to help them to fight the Teutoniques Knights. Casimir IV benefitted from it to annex Prussia. The town of Elbląg was consequently integrated into the province of Prussia Royale under the sovereignty of the Polish Crown. Starting from 1569, Elbląg became by Kingdom of Poland - Lithuania, in the respect of the languages and the laws of each entity. The administration chose consequently the High-German instead of the Low-German, as it of it was use in all Hanseatic cities.
At the time of the Reform, the inhabitants of the city curve Protestant, and the first lesson was exempted in 1535 with Elbląg.
Starting from 1579, Elbląg maintained the close commercial relations with the England, for which the city had granted an exemption of tax. The established English and the Écossais with Elbląg created the Scottish Église reformed of Elbing . The Scot helped the Protestant Sweden during the Guerre Thirty Year old. The competition of the city with Gdańsk was on several occasions the cause of ruptures of commercial links. Towards 1618, Elbląg left the Hanseatic League, being confined with its commercial relations privileged with England.
Among the famous inhabitants of the city at that time, Hans von Bodeck, Samuel Hartlib or Hartlieb, and during six years the Moravian refugee Johann Amos Comenius. In 1646, the chronicler of the town of Elbląg Daniel Barholz foot-note which the town council of Elbląg included of the Bernsteindreher , or Paternostermacher , which was craftsmen licensed for the work of amber. The family gave communal mayors, advisers, etc the poet Christian Wernicke was born in 1661 in Elbing. Gottfried Achenwall (1719 Elbing + 1772 Göttingen) became famous for its lesson of the natural law and the human rights.
The imperial cartographer Johann Friedrich Endersch of Elbląg establishes a chart of Warmie in 1755 and carried out an engraving with the strong water of a galleon named Die Stadt Elbing (Ville of Elbląg).
At the time of the first division of Poland in 1772, the city lost its privileges of city-State, and was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia, which became in 1871 part of the Germanic Empire.
Industrialization
In 1828, the first steamer was built by Ignatz Grunau. In 1837 Ferdinand Schichau launched the arsenal of Schichau in Elbing and later another arsenal close to Danzig. Schichau built the Borussia , the first propeller ship of Germany. The arsenal Schichau d' Elbings built also various machines, of the boats, the steam engines, the torpedes. After the inauguration of the train towards Königsberg in 1853, the industry of Elbing started to strongly develop. Schichau worked with his/her son-in-law Carl H. Zise, who directed the workshops after the death of Schichau. Schichau also set up residences for the thousands of workers of its industries.
Another Prussian engineer, Baurat Georg Steenke of Königsberg, connected Elbing on the Baltic with the south of Prussia, by building the channel of Oberland.
Elbing becoming an industrial town, the social democrat Parti Germany (SPD) took the majority of the votes (51%) to the Reichstag in 1912.
Kirchenbuch ) are available since 1577. -->
Many inhabitants of Elbing fled with the approach of the Soviet troops in 1944. All those which were turned over or remained were expelled at the end of the Second world war, when the échut city in Poland.
During the seat in February 1945, the Old city was set fire to and destroyed to 65%. After the war, the materials of part of the ruins were used to rebuild Warsaw and Gdańsk. The remainder was destroyed in the Années 1960 and 1970.
Concentration camps of Elbing
Elbing at the time Nazi E sheltered three Concentration camps German S, known under the names of Elbing , Elbing (Org. Todt) , and Elbing (Schinau) , which was concentration camps satellite of the camps Stutthof.
History after 1945
After the expulsion of the German population, the city was repopulated by Polish and took the name of Elbląg. 98% of the new inhabitants were of the expelled Poles of the zones annexed by the Soviet Union or of the peasants of the over-populated villages of central Poland.The communist authorities planned to rebuild the old city, destroyed in 1945. The economic difficulties did not make it possible to implement this plan. The ruins of the old city were cut down in the Années 1960, and only two churches were rehabilitated.
Elbląg was one of the cities which was the theater of riots in 1970, at the same time as Tricity and Szczecin, to also see events of the coastal towns.
After 1989, the restoration of the old city started. The local authorities decided to rebuild it with new houses, the same ones cuts and dimensions that historical constructions. Sometimes, of the old parts were integrated in the new construction industries. Approximately the 2/3 of the city were rebuilt.
Since the beginnings of the restoration, an important archaeological work is also undertaken. The essence of the historical heritage of the city was destroyed during the 19th century and in 1945. The foundations were however not destroyed, and the cellars and Latrine S conceal many lucky finds. Those feed the museums of the city. Are in particular only the Lunettes 15th century in Europe.
Since 1990, a German minority of return in old Elbing, is called Elbinger Minderheit , cash a few hundreds of people.
Tourist attractions
Teaching
Sports
Policy
Elbląg constituency Members off Parliament (Sejm) elected from Elbląg constituency-
Jan Antochowski, SLD-UP
- Danuta Ciborowska, SLD-UP
- Witold Gintowt-Dziewałtowski, SLD-UP
- Stanisław Gorczyca, PO
- Jerzy Müller, SLD-UP
- Adam Ołdakowski, Samoobrona
- Andrzej Umiński, SLD-UP
- Stanisław Żelichowski, PSL
Municipal politics
to Be written yet-->
External bonds
- Wirtualny Elbląg (in Polish)
- The interactive map off Elbląg
- Authority communal of Elbląg
- Service of news of Elbląg (in Polish)
- Service of news of Elbląg (in Polish)
Historical sources
- Elbing church records filmed by LDS
- Endersch map off 1755: for Elbląg click one second down from signal left section off map
- http://www.elbing.de
- Gesellschaft DER deutschen Minderheit Stadt und Kreis Elbing
- page deprived on Elbing page in German
Simple: Elblag
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