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The basin of Tarim is the largest river basin endoreic in the world. Surrounded by several , assembly lines Tian Shan in north, chain of the Pamir S in the west and Kunlun in the south, it is in the autonomous region of Xinjiang (also called Eastern Turkestan) in the most Western part of the China. Most of the basin is occupied by the Désert of Taklamakan. The sector is inhabited by Ouïgour S and other populations of Central Asia, but he knows Chinese a recent immigration of other areas of the country.
Formerly, the languages tokhariennes were spoken in the basin about Tarim, they were then the Indo-European Langues Eastern. The Chinese call in their chronicles " Yuezhi " (EFEO: Yue-tche) people of the ancient Central Asia living in the west of the Gansu, and which, overcome by the Xiongnu in IIe century before the Christian era, emigrates mainly towards the west and constitutes, later, the Empire kouchan in Bactriane and India of North. Some of them found the kingdom of Agni, in the area of the current town of Karachahr, in the north of the basin of Tarim. The Chinese, led by the general Round of applause Chao ( Side Tch' ao , 32 - 102), lead a campaign of 73 to 94, period when the exchanges develop on the silk route, and seize the basin of Tarim and the oases of Sérinde to the detriment of Xiongnu. Kouchans, become powerful, are introduced into the basin of Tarim at the first century and 2nd centuries and establish a kingdom with Kachgar. They compete with the Chinese forces and the nomads for the control of the area. They introduce the writing Brahmi and an Indian language Prâkrit for the administration, and spread the Bouddhisme, playing an important role in its transmission along the Silk route in Eastern Asia.
In 751, the Arab demolish the Chinese on banks of the river Talas and the basin of Tarim opens thus with the Moslem conquest, involving an escape of the Buddhists of these areas which take refuge with the Tibet.
The marshy depression saltworks of NOR Lop, at the end is basin of Tarim, where the river Tarim flows is a zone of nuclear test for the Popular republic of China. It is thought that the basin of Tarim could contain great reserves of Pétrole and of Natural gas.
See too
- Deserted of Taklamakan
- Geography of China
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