Edouard Chevardnadze

Edouard Chevardnadze or Edouard Amvrossievitch Chevardnadze (ედუარდშევარდნაძე in Géorgien, Russian ЭдуардАмвросьевичШеварднадзе in ), (born the January 25th 1928 with Mamati in Georgia), is a Politician géorgien. Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union of 1985 with 1990. President of the Georgia of 1992 with 2003.

The Soviet era

In 1948, it adheres to the PCUS (Communist party Soviet Union).
In 1959, it obtains a diploma for the occupation of historian political economist at the teaching institute of Koutaisi.
Of 1965 with 1968, Minister for the Law and order of the Soviet socialist republic (RSS) of Georgia.
Of 1968 with 1972, Minister of Interior Department of RSS of Georgia.
Of 1972 with 1985, First secretary of the Central committee of the PC Géorgien.
Of 1976 with 1991, member of the Central committee of PCUS (Communist party of the Soviet Union).
In 1978, it enters in Politburo under Léonid Brejnev.
Of 1985 with 1990, Foreign Minister of Mikhaïl Gorbatchev. Then, in favor of the Perestroika and the “ new political thought ”, it becomes one of the craftsmen of the resumption of the dialog with the the United States, organizes the withdrawal of the Soviet troops of the Afghanistan, and takes part in the negotiations of disarmament.
In August 1991, it supports Boris Eltsine in his resistance to the putschists who deposited Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, and launches calls to the Occident, in company of Alexandr Iakovlev, for the constitution of support groups.

The time géorgienne

the March 10th 1992, after the inversion of the president Zviad Gamsakhourdia (elected democratically in 1990), by a rising armed paramilitary militia, Edouard Chevardnadzé is elected by co-optation, president of the Council of State of Georgia.
the October 11th 1992, it is elected President of the Parliament.
In difficulty, because of civil war, between the partisans of the president reversed Gamsakhourdia, the secessionists Abkhazian and the army of Georgia, it makes adhere Georgia to the CEI to obtain the assistance of Russia.
In August 1995, it escapes an attack.
the November 5th 1995, elected President of the Republic of Georgia.
In 1998, it escapes a second attack, whereas the opposition is organized around the Institut of Freedom supported by foreign assets of which the financier George Soros and USAID.
the April 9th 2000, re-elected president of the republic with 80% of the votes cast. Its adversaries denounce the “ electoral joke ”.
In 2002, it obtains the United States, 200 instructor sending to form battalions of the army georgienne to the fight against terrorism.

Events of 2003

legislative Elections of the November 2nd 2003: the victory of the progouvernementaux candidates is disputed by the opposition of the National movement of Mikheil Saakachvili, the Workers party of Chalva Natelachvili and the democratic Bloc of Nino Bourdjanadze and Zourab Jvania. They claim the resignation of Edouard Chevardnadze and calls the people with civil disobedience and to go down in the street.
November 4th, of the thousands of opponents in the capital Tbilissi.
November 9th, failure of the discussions between the president and opposition to put an end to the post-electoral disorders.
November 20th, publication of the final results which credit the presidential coalition of more than 40% of the voices. The US government denounces the election and repudiates the outgoing president.
November 22nd, the demonstrators invade the Parliament, kind Chevardnadze to stop its opening speech. He declares the state of emergency.
November 23rd, the Russian Minister for the Foreign affairs, Igor Ivanov, itself of origin géorgienne, tries an ultimate mediation which leads in end-of-day to the resignation of president Chevardnadze. Nino Bourdjanadze, as a president of the Parliament, becomes president of Georgia by interim.

Affiliations

He is honorary member of the Club of Rome.

References

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