Edme Mariotte

The abbot Edme Mariotte is a Physicien and a Botaniste French, born towards 1620 with Dijon and dead the May 12th 1684 with Paris.

Its life and its work

After orderbeing ordered priest, it obtains the cure of Saint-Martin-under-Beaune close to Dijon. Mariotte is especially known for its work on the recognition, in 1676, of the elastic law of behavior of the gases formulated by Robert Boyle. In 1660, it discovers the Tache plugs eye.

He is member of the first Academy of Science of Paris in 1666. The first volume of the History and memories of the Academy (1733) contains several articles of Mariotte on the most various subjects like the movement of the fluids, the nature of the color, the notes of the trumpet, the barometer, the fall of the bodies, the ice, etc

Its Essais of physics , four, which starts to appear with Paris between 1676 and 1679, counts among its most important work. It is also necessary to quote the Traité percussion of the bodies , in the first volume of the Œuvres of Mariotte (two volumes, Leyde, 1717). The second of this test ( Of the nature of the air ) contains the observation which the volume of gases conversely varies with the pressure, fact which had been discovered in 1660 per Robert Boyle. The fourth test treats nature of the color.

It is one of the first studied scientifically the operation of the plants. It makes appear under the title of the Essais on the vegetation of the plants . It is interested in circulation of the sap and affirms that there is no heart in the plants. Its observations are very right for the time. He affirms thus that in fact particles present in the air cause the appearance of the vegetation on the drained ponds. He also shows that if a plant is toxic, it is not because it grows on a ground different from that of a nontoxic plant, but that it exploits the matters in a different way of them.

Publications

New discovery concerning the veue (1668)
Traitté of levelling, with the description of some levels lately invent (1672)
Traitté of the percussion or chocq of the bodies, in which principal rules of the movement, opposites to those which Mr. Descartes and some other modern wanted to establish, are démonstrées by their true causes (1673)
Written letters by Misters Mariotte, Pecquet, and Perrault, on the subject of a new discovery concerning the veüe made by Mr. Mariotte (1676)
Essay of logic, container principles of sciences and manner of making use of it to make goods raisonnemens (1678). Text in line Republication under the title: Test of logic. Follow-up of: Principles of the duty and human knowledge , Beech, Paris, 1992.
Essays of phisic, or Memories to be used for science of the natural things (1679-1681)

; Posthumous editions

Treated movement of water and other fluid bodies, divided into V left, by fire Mr. Mariotte, clarified by the care of Mr. of Hire (1686)
Works of Mariotte (2 volumes, 1717). Republication: J. Peyroux, Bordeaux, 2001. Text in line
Speech of the nature of the air, the vegetation of the plants. New discovery concerning the sight , Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1923.

Source

Davy Adrien of Virville (to dir.) (1955). History of botany in France. SEDES (Paris): 394 p.

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