Edema

A edema corresponds to the swelling of a Organe or a fabric due to an accumulation or an excess intratissulaire of liquids in the interstitial medium.

The edema can be due to many primitive causes.

Remarque: the word " edema " should all the time decide " édèm " and not " eudèm " as it is too often heard. The œ does not decide " indeed; have " that before U (exception: eye and eyelet) and it is the attraction of these words which is at the origin of this frequent error.

Physiopathology

Normally, the quantity of interstitial liquid is with balance. One speaks about Homéostasie. The physiopathology of the oedemas rises from an imbalance in the equation of Starling:

\ dowry Q = P \ cdot S - P_i) - \ sigma (\ pi _c - \ pi _i) with:

  • \ dowry Q , flow
  • P , the permeability of the membrane
  • S , heat-transferring surface
  • Pc  , capillary pressure
  • Pi  , pore water pressure
  • σ, the coefficient of reflection (depends on the membrane and the molecule)
  • π C   , capillary oncotic pressure
  • π I   , intestitielle oncotic pressure.

If \ dowry Q is positive, there are a flow of the capillary about the interstitial middle, and if this flow is higher than the capacity of reabsorption of the lymphatic , one with the creation of an edema.

Various types of edema

There exist two types of oedemas: white and red oedemas.

Mainly found in the cases of Cardiac failure, or venous attack , the white edema is sloping (i.e. it touches the lowest part of the body, generally lower extremities), slackness and takes the cup (while pressing on the edema, it is formed a depression which persists a few moments).

As for the red edema, it is hard, hot and does not take the cup.

Possible causes of edema

Pathologies being able to involve an edema are multiple:

  • in the event of hydrostatic Hypertension of the Vein S, involving a reduction in the reabsorption of fluids: venous obstruction (major venous Thrombosis), Cardiac failure congestive right-hand side or total, Varix S,
  • in the event of lowering of the oncotic Pressure: during a Cirrhosis, in the event of Malnutrition within the framework of a Kwashiorkor, with the renal wanings of a nephrotic Syndrome by loss of Protein S, or during a acute glomerulonephritis,
  • in the event of Ignition (secretion activates fluids in interstitial space): in the Allergy S, during the disease of Lyme, but all the other forms of ignition can also be responsible (falls for example)
  • there are the medicamentous causes: inhibiting calcic, Corticoid S and AINS, involving a hydro-containing soda retention,
  • in the event of abnormal reduction in the lymphatic drainage: Lymphœdème, white edema not taking the cup.

See too

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