The Économie of the institutions , also called analyzes economic Institutions (AEI), studies the interactions between the behavior of the individuals and the Institution S which belong to their environment. The institutions are in particular supposed to decrease the costs of transaction.

It belongs to a unit vaster than is the Théorie of the institutions , which also contains a sociological analysis .

Presentation

The economic analysis of the Institutions occurred within the university of Chicago to beginning of the year 60.

This analysis developed starting from the interpretation which one can give to the definition of the Economic scene. The definition usually stated in France is more restrictive. The economy does not apply solely and exclusively to the commercial field. In 1978, Guilder Aftalion and Jean-Jacques Rosa, in their book “the economic one found” show that the economic scene must join again with its tradition of general information.

The definition, then widened, pleasing to study the Institution S, the behaviors of the men, the markets political… This general vision is advantageous with the economic scene itself because it makes it possible to better include/understand what it is. However, the difficulty of the limits of the action of the economist arises. Indeed, the saving in imperialism was often shown because it subjects all the fields of research to the economic method. However, division between the disciplines is pragmatic: the bond became obligatory because the dialog is necessary to include/understand the life in the company.

A risk of conflict can appear between the economist and the Sociologue or the Juriste or the Politologue. In fact, all is a question of method. If all practice the methodological Individualisme, all arrive at very close conclusions. It is a conflict of method more than one conflict between the disciplines. In economy, the Keynésiens are holists from the start. They reason with large Agrégat S (the group of the consumers for example). The neo-classic S practiced methodological individualism at the beginning but they slipped towards the Holisme.

Several ways of research relating to the economic analysis of the institutions developed in the Sixties:

• New economic History: it is an economic reading of the events of the history (Douglass North, Fogel, Engermann).

• economic analysis of the social structures. It is an incursion of the economic scene into the field of the Sociologie. There exists an economic analysis of the family, Mariage, Divorce, Fécondité, Crime… (Gary Becker in the United States, Bertrand Lemennicier in France).

• economic analysis of the policy. It is an analysis of the operation of the political market. There is supply and demand with contractors (politicians) who are based on companies (parties) with like objective maximizing the number of their voices. It is represented by the school of the Public Choice (James Mr. Buchanan, Gordon Tullock)

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