Economic typology of the countries

The countries of the world can be distributed according to a economic typology , according to their Economic development.

Names

A distribution, more or less arbitrary, countries between various levels of economic development, is generally done according to a typology with four elements.

the developed Countries (Canada, the United States, European Union, Japan, South Korea, etc)
the emergent Countries (China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Morocco, etc)
the Developing country (known as also in the process of development ) (in majority of the countries of Asia, of Africa and South America) - this term often gathers the countries not forming part of the developed Pays.
the the least advanced Countries (or country in Underdevelopment ) (especially of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, and of the countries of Asia)

One also uses the following terms, less precise:

Third world: The term was used for the first time by the demographer Alfred Sauvy and refers to the Tiers state. The third world includes/understands neither the countries of the liberal Occident nor the ex- Soviet block, it is the other third.
Country of North and Country of the South: The world would then be divided into hemispheres northern and south, it is an easy division but which does not meet world realities (the Australia and the New Zealand belong to the countries more in the south but are not underdeveloped Pays and on the contrary the China and the North Korea are located at very at north.
“rich Countries” and “poor countries”: This concept is based on the Revenu per capita, it is a design which was employed by the the World Bank, this distinction reflects only the average revenue of a country and not the real situation of the inhabitants.
Industrialized country S, New industrialized countries and not industrialized countries : The developed countries were a long time the only industrialized countries; since the acceleration of the economic Universalization, the industrial sector in these countries stagnates or is in regression (one speaks about post-industrial economy), whereas the industry of the Nouveaux industrialized countries very strongly grows. The the least advanced Countries, not equipped with stable institutions and economic fabric, remain with the variation of industrialization.
Center and Periphery: According to the Marxist prospect , a difference can be established between the States of the center and those of the periphery. The center uses the countries of the periphery according to its needs and exploits the resources of the latter. This exploitation can take place thanks to the participation of an elite in the peripheral countries, allied with the countries of the center and benefitting from this alliance for its own enrichment.

Historical evolutions

The positioning of the countries is not fixed. Certain countries (for example the South Korea) caught up with the level of economic development of the richest countries. Other countries (the Argentine was at the beginning of the 20th century a rich country) regressed in the classification.

During the Cold war, the developed countries were separate in two groups, according to their economic organization:

countries developed with market economy (PDEM) (present in North America, Western Europe, Oceania);
countries with planned economy (PEP), perceived as developed, (the USSR, Eastern European countries of Europe last under the cut of the USSR). Before 1939, certain countries of Eastern Europe (Czech Republic for example) were very developed.

See too

Brakes with the development

External bonds

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