Ecological Insularisation
In the field of the ecology of the landscape or Biogeography, the concept of insularisation écopaysagère (or ecological or biological) described physical insulation or genetic of a population or a group of populations on a territory.
The theory biogeographic and of the ecology of the landscape postulate that more a " island écologique" is small and isolated, less the species which are isolated there have long-term chances of survival.
In limiting situation, one métaphoriquement speaks sometimes about “presq U' island ecological ”.
Phenomenon natural or anthropic:
When it is natural, this phenomenon is often very slow (on centuries, millenia or million years) and it can then contribute to speciation (appearance of new species) in the case for example of animal or vegetable populations isolated on islands formed following the rise from the oceans or of phenomena related to the Continental drift.It is Anthropique and often brutal in the case of populations living on territories surrounded by landscape elements which became to them hostile (cf for example; deforestation, pesticides, change of occupation of the ground, drainage, etc). It is a genetic factor of Dérive, weakening and disappearance of populations even of species if the species were endemic with this territory.
Taking into account in town and country planning.
The impact studies start to take the phenomenon of insularisation in account, and to propose conservative measures or compensatory to limit it, with for example the maintenance, the restoration and the protection of biological corridors or the creation of écoducs.
See too
- Percolation
- Cartography of the biological corridors
- Fragmentation écopaysagère
- Biodiversity
- green Screen
- ecological Integrity
- animal Migration
- Roadkill
- biological Road HQE
- écoduc
- Corridor
- List of the migrating animals
To see
- File “ biological corridors ”. Why and how to take them into account, Guide for submission to the people in charge of town and country planning, 2007, Frapna/Program Swiss InterregIIIA France/.
-
Francoise Burel and Jacques Baudry, Ecology of the landscape. Concepts, methods and applications, Paris, tce & DOC., 1999,362 p.
- Forman, R.T.T and Mr. Godron. 1986. Landscape Ecology. John Wiley and Sounds, Inc., New York, NY, the USA.
- Forman, R.T.T. 1995. Mosaics Land: The Ecology off Landscapes and Areas. Cambridge University Near, Cambridge, the U.K.
- Naveh, Z. and A. Lieberman. 1984. Landscape ecology: theory and application. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, the USA.
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