Ebla

Ebla (Arab: عبيل, إيبلا) ( Tall Mardikh ) is an archeological site. It is located at the south of Alep on the road of Hama, after the junction in direction of Lattaquié, and occupies a geostrategic position, with the door of a collar ordering the access to the the Mediterranean. The site was discovered in 1964 and its vestiges put at the day by the teams of professor Paolo Matthiae in 1968.

Ebla, as of, is a quoted rich person. Its kings start starting from 2500 av. J. - C. to extend their dominations on the means Euphrate and part of the Syria.

The excavations made it possible to update a library, rich person of more than seventeen thousand shelves of clay engraved in Sumérien and éblaïte, the local dialect. These shelves provided invaluable information on the economy, the trade and industry, the administration and the diplomacy, of this powerful forgotten kingdom: economic files, treaties of alliance with the other States, the relations of war and peace, of the epopees and the religious anthems. Ebla was one of most powerful the city-States of the Syria between 2500 and 2400 before J. - C..

It is possible to today admire the released vestiges of a palate.

Ebla in second half of the 3rd millenium

The first level of dwelling (Mardikh I) corresponds to second half of the 4th millenium. The second level (Mardikh II) covers the majority of the 3rd millenium. The apogee of Ebla for this period is the level II B1 (C. 2350-2250). An important monument was released for this level, the " G" palate;. It is divided into several parts: the " complex central" , for the habitat of the most important character, the " court of the audiences" , the " district administratif" , and the " complex méridional" , where the dignitaries of the palate resided. The remainder of the city for this period is unknown for us, since it is covered by the later levels.

It is in the " district administratif" that a whole of 14.000 shelves was discovered, one of the major discoveries of the oriental archeology of the last decades. They are written in éblaïte, dialect local before unknown, inform us about the history of the city for a major part of the century, under the reign of three sovereigns: Igrish-Halam, Irkab-Damu and Ish' rear-Damu. They carry the title sumérien of EN or éblaïte mâliku , the queen being the mâliktu . The royal function appears strongly marked by the religious aspect. A funerary worship was returned to the late sovereigns in the city of Darib. The administration of the kingdom is ensured by LUGAL, whose some can play a big role.

Politically, Ebla is one of most important of Syria of North. It pours nevertheless a tribute with Mari. Igrish-Halam, assisted of two LUGAL which occupies a privileged position, Darmia and Tir, reinforces the power of the city. Its Irkab-Damu successor, assisted by another LUGAL, Arrukum, which becomes little by little the " vizir" kingdom, succeeds in cause a drop in the poured tribute with Mari, signs new power of Ebla. It subjects Emar, and signs a treaty with Abarsal. Under the following sovereign, rear Ish' Damu, the " vizier becomes the manager of the administrative businesses of the city, whereas l'EN is devoted especially to the religious affairs. Two top dogs follow one another then: Ibrium, already places from there last times of the reign of Irkab-Damu, and its Ibbi-Zikkir son.

Ebla is then with the apogee of its power, and maintains the relations with the Egypt and the Mésopotamie. This city and Mari seem to share the domination of Syria of North, with Nagar more in the east. But the beautiful days are completed with the invasion of this area by Sargon d' Akkad, towards 2300. Husband and Ebla then are taken and plundered. The dynasty éblaïte is completed in chaos, and it follows from there a phase of abandonment of the city for nearly one century.

External bonds

very complete site to click on mesopotamy then ebla

See too

Culture of Syria
Éblaïte
antiquated Dynasties

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