Eaubonne

Eaubonne is a common department of the Val-d'Oise, in the area Île-de-France, in France. Its inhabitants is called Eaubonnais (be).

Geography

The commune is located in the middle of the Vallée of Montmorency, to approximately 15 km in the North-West of Paris. It is next to the communes of Ermont, Saint-Price, Montlignon, Margency, Andilly, Soisy-sous-Montmorency, Saint-Gratien and Sannois.

The city is officially divided into five districts: Flammarion in the North-West, J-J. Rousseau in the North-East, Mount-in Eaubonne with center-is, Paul Bert in the south (district of the station) and Cerisaie - Jean Macé in the west (bordering on Ermont).

Hydrography

The communal territory is crossed over all its length of north in south-east by a small river: the Ru of Enghien , which also partly constitutes in north its Eastern limit with Margency.
Of a 14,2 kilometers length, it takes its source in Forêt of Montmorency in the north of the commune and is thrown in the the Seine after having crossed, having channeled essentially, the territories of Montlignon, Margency, Enghien-the-Baths and Épinay-sur-Seine and having fed the pond of hunting, upstream in forest, then the ponds of the park of Maugarny (in limit of Montlignon and Margency), those of the park of Bury with Margency and the laying-up basin of the Winches with Eaubonne. It moves then towards the Lac of Enghien downstream.

The commune is fed out of water by the station of treatment of Méry-on-Oise, managed by the company Veolia Environnement. The drinking water with Margency is of very good quality bacteriological, containing few Nitrates, being little fluorinated and become relatively little Calcaire since the installation of the Nanofiltration in 1999 with the factory of distribution. Distributed water is of surface origin, coming from the filtration of water of the Oise.

Housing

The residences with Eaubonne are on average more recent and vaster compared to the regional average. The city counted: 9723 residences of which: 9135 main homes in 1999. In 1999,94,0% of the residences eaubonnaises were main homes and only 0,5% of the second home. The Middle Age of housing stock is lower than the regional tendency, a strong majority of the residences dating from the Années 1950 and afterwards: 55,0% of the main homes went back to 1949 with 1974, against 37,8% in Île-de-France. Recent constructions (of 1990 to 1999) are very slightly less less present than the average of the area, and this in spite of the launching of some real estate schemes: the communal territory is indeed almost entirely urbanized and recent constructions can be realized only afterwards of the demolitions. In 1999, 8,6% of the main homes dated from 1990 or afterwards against 9,1% in Île-de-France. A contrario , constructions former to 1949 accounted for only 22,5% of the park compared with 33,7% for the regional average francilienne. The implementation of ZAC of the Station of Ermont - Eaubonne with a vast program of new buildings should nevertheless still lower the Middle Age of the housing stock of the city.

Eaubonne is a city mainly made up of multifamily apartments, but cash nevertheless a suburban park considerable, and especially made up owners. The main homes were distributed to 41,8% in houses and 58,2% in apartments (respectively 26,9% and 73,1% in the area). 64,9% of the inhabitants are owners of their housing, against 31,6% which are only tenants (respectively 44,3% and 51,1% in the area).

The commune is subjected to the legislative obligation of construction of 20% of social housing under the terms of the law n°2000-1208 of December 13rd, 2000 relating to solidarity and the renewal urban. With: 1508 residences HLM is 16,5% of the park in 1999 (23,4% also in the area), the city does not respect the provisions of the law. One can note moreover that the number of vacant housings was very weak in 1999 with 4,9% of the park against 8,1% on average regional.

The dwellings are characterized by their important surface: a strong majority counts four parts and more (56,4%). The residences of three parts (29,7%) follow, then 2 parts (9,2%). The small residences remain very minority (studios: 4,7%).
The city thus has residences rather in conformity with the tendencies franciliennes with a park overall younger but nevertheless a clear underrepresentation of small surfaces.

Climate

Eaubonne as all the Île-de-France is subjected to a degraded oceanic Climat. It intramurally is different from the climate of Paris by a variation in temperature of a few degrees, particularly notable at daybreak, and which tends to be accentuated with the passing of years. This variation, of 2° on average but which can reach 8° by one night clear and a weak Vent, is explained by the urban density which increases the temperature in the middle of the agglomeration. The annual average temperature is of 11°C, the month more the cold is January with +4°C; the hottest months are July and August with +19°C (average day laborer).

Heraldic

History

Eaubonne was formerly called in bottom Latin “Aqua Bona”, water good, because of the quality of its water which was appreciated Roman legions .

Occupied as of the Celtic period, the place enters the history with the Roman conquest of the country in 54 av. J. - C. At this period, several military roads are built, of which that one will call later the “Jules-César roadway” which connects Lutèce (Paris) to Lillebonne (close to the Havre) and which crosses the territory of the commune.

The current name of the city appears for the first time in the history in a charter of the king Dagobert in 635. Property of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, the stronghold becomes a seigniory of the Montmorency as from the 11th century then Condé S at the 17th century. The village remains primarily rural and counts hardly 200 inhabitants in the middle of the 18th century. At this point in time Joseph-Florent the Norman one of Wall 1719 - 1793), police chief with the wars and promoter, becomes the lord in 1762 and changes in-depth the aspect of the village about it. It makes build a true urban unit including/understanding of the castles, the houses of the guards, the streets, of the houses vigneronnes, the whole characterized by the regularity and symmetry. Eaubonne becomes a required vacation resort then.

The village counts at the 19th century not less than 15 castles. The population does not cease growing as from this time, but it is especially the arrival of the railroad in 1846 which will cause a fast urbanization. In 1900, the majority of the fields and marshes in the south of the commune (between the center and the station) are already parcelled out. At this point in time the various fields of Eaubonne in their turn will be touched by the urban pressure. A first allotment, built on the park of the Gilded Grid appears as of 1903. Then it is the turn of the Goguel park (or the Court Charles) in the center of the village. Many ways are traced, whose current Boulevard of the Republic marks the main axis.

Then another park is parcelled out, that of the Petit-Château in 1926, then in fact gradually the parks of Eaubonne will be parcelled out. Last free spaces at the end of the years 1950 and the years 1960, Bussys and the Mount of Eaubonne (with the limit of Soisy-sous-Montmorency), in their turn are occupied by whole of buildings to architecture characteristic of the time. The arrival of the line C of the RER in September 1988 also causes a replacing wave of urbanization of many houses by buildings. The arrival of the direct rail link Station Saint-Lazare - Ermont-Eaubonne is effective since the end of August 2006. It does of Eaubonne one of the rare towns of accessible Île-de-France starting from three different rail networks.

Demography

Demographic table of the 20th century

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Administration

Eaubonne is the Chef-lieu of a canton relating to only the common.

The city counts two post offices (including one new avenue of Paris since December 2006), a police station, a Municipal police, a center of Social security. It belongs to the jurisdiction of authority of Montmorency, and great authority as well as trade of Pontoise.

The five districts of the city have particularly active councils of district.

Political tendencies

Politically, Eaubonne is a commune of right-hand side. The mayor of the city is certainly socialist since 2001, but this one was elected during triangular, thanks to the maintenance of a dissenting list of right-hand side. Nevertheless, the mayor François Balageas was elected General adviser of the Val-d'Oise at the time of the cantonal elections of 2004 within the framework of a confrontation right-hand side-left.

With the referendum on the constitutional treaty for Europe of May 29th, 2005, Eaubonnais approved with a clear majority the European Constitution, with 54,05% of Yes compared with 45,95% of Not with a rate of abstention from 29,03% (whole France: Not to 54,67%; Yes to 45,33%). These figures are contrary with the departmental tendency of the Val-d'Oise (Not to 53,47%; Yes to 46,53%) but almost in conformity with the results franciliens (Yes 53,99%; Not 46,01%).

With the presidential election of 2007, the first turn saw arriving at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 35,27%, followed by Ségolène Royal with 24,07%, Francois Bayrou with 22,12%, Jean-Marie Le Pen with 8,32%, finally Olivier Besancenot with 3,00%, no other candidate not exceeding the threshold of the 2%. The second turn saw arriving at the head Nicolas Sarkozy with 56,55% (national result: 53,06%) against 43,45% for Ségolène Royal (national: 46,94%).

List mayors

Budget and taxation

With a rate of tax of dwelling of 13,75% in 2005, the tax pressure for the private individuals with Eaubonne is in the average of the department. He is necessary to add 0,82% for the trade-union share to it, that is to say 14,57% on the whole. The departmental rate of the Val-d'Oise was fixed the same year at 5,88% of the rental value. As comparison, this rate (trade-union share included) was of 15,17% with Ermont, 15,60% with Soisy-sous-Montmorency or of 17,11% with Montmorency, common neighbors of equivalent population.

Safety

The rate of criminality of the district of police force of Ermont (including Franconville, Plessis-Bouchard, Saint-Price, Montlignon and Eaubonne) is of 66,26 acts for 1000 inhabitants (crimes and offenses, figures 2005) what locates it among weakest of the Val-d'Oise, very largely lower than average the main road (83/1000) and secondary road (88,15/1000). The rate of resolution of the businesses by the police services is on the other hand only of 27,93%, under the average of the department of 28,83%.

Twinnings

The city is twinned with:

Transport

Eaubonne has 2 stations: the Station of Ermont - Eaubonne and that of the Racecourse of Enghien.

The Station of Ermont - Eaubonne is exceptionally well served. Three railway lines converge there: the Transilien Paris-North, the Transilien Paris Saint-Lazare and the line C of the RER.

The station is served rightly:

- of a slow train to the 1/4 of hour in off-peak hours and by 12 trains/hour in rush hours in source or direction of the station of North. It is necessary from 12 to 21 mn of way towards Paris.

- of a slow train to the 1/4 of hour in off-peak hours and by 8 trains/hour in rush hours on the line C of the RER.

- of a slow train to the 1/4 of hour in off-peak hours and by 6 trains/hour on average in rush hours in source or direction of the Station Saint-Lazare.

It also has an important coach station, currently in the course of rebuilding, which in fact a convergence point in the Vallée of Montmorency. It is served by the RATP like by the networks TVO (Transport of the Val-d'Oise) “Valmy”, lines 10,12,14 and the Bus Pink, line 38-01.01, 38.01.02, 38.01.14 and 38.04 (Eaubonne drunk).

The Station of the Racecourse of Enghien , located at the south-east of the commune in limit of Soisy-sous-Montmorency, is served at a rate of a slow train to the 1/4 of hour all the day (1/30mn at the end of the evening) also stopping in direction of Paris the stations of Enghien-the-Baths, the Bar - Ormesson, Épinay - Villetaneuse and Saint-Denis. The trains are direct between Paris and the station of the Bar - Ormesson at the rush hours.

The commune is easily accessible starting from the highway has 15, located at three kilometers and accessible directly thanks to the inter-commune Boulevard from Parisis, and is located at approximately fifteen minutes of the doors of Paris by the road.

Parks and green areas

the Kitchen garden of Chesnaie (Boulevard of the town hall) is maintained by the gardeners the city who cultivate various vegetables there: Pumpkin S, Coloquinte S, Leek X, Rhubarb S… (Free access from March 1st to October 31st of 8:00 with 19:00 and from November 1st to February 28th of 9:00 with 17:00).

Tourist monuments and places

The church Sainte-Marie is a building of the 12th century very altered during the following centuries. It inspired the painter Maurice Utrillo.

The Hôtel of Wall (which occurred of Europe) was built towards 1762. When the park which surrounded it was parcelled out starting from 1913, it became town hall of the village by a municipal deliberation of January 31st 1913, then public library and finally place of exposure.

The castle of Close-in-the Olive holds his name of Henry of the Olive, owner of the ground at the 15th century. It was built of 1767 with 1776. Its parcelled out park, the castle remained a long time with the abandonment before being restored in 1975. It became the house of arts of the commune.

The castle of Chesnaie (historic building) built in 1766 is a beautiful castle of style Louis XV. It is in a house of the park of this field, known as park of the Gilded Grid, which resided Madam d' Houdetot in 1757 and where it received Jean-Jacques Rousseau which evokes it in the Confessions . This house was destroyed at the end of the 19th century and the park was parcelled out in 1903.

The Petit-Château (boulevard of the Petit-Château) is the only one in Eaubonne which one can allot with certainty to the architect Claude-Nicolas Ledoux (1736 - 1806). Built 1772 with 1776, only its frontage remains nowadays. It shelters the buildings of the Social security.

The castle of the Cedars (which occurred of Paris) of Style troubadour, was built under the Restauration. Its park was also parcelled out in 1911 in the form of tombola. It shelters the social services of the city nowadays.

The house of Paul Éluard (4 rue Hennocque), vast residence of the 19th traditional century of style accommodated the surrealist writer as max Ernst which was its host in 1923.

The city had small a laundrette which was restored in the Années 1990.

Personalities

Madam d' Houdetot lived there in a house (disappeared) of the park of the gilded grid and accepted there the poet Saint-Lambert and Jean-Jacques Rousseau which éprit of it. Paul Éluard also remained there.

Culture

The media library Maurice Genevoix is one of richest Val-d'Oise. It has in particular an important patrimonial bottom which makes its specificity (files of the area, charts old, genealogical bottom ).

Eaubonne with the cinema

Some films or serials were turned in Eaubonne, of which one met a world success. One can quote:

Teaching

Fourteen public schools exempt teaching with Eaubonne:

five nursery school, six elementary schools, two colleges and a college. The commune also accommodates a catholic private school (Holy Marguerite) and a Training center of the Apprentices of the Room of Trades.

Eaubonne concerns the academy of Versailles. The schools of the commune are managed by the general inspection of the departmental inspection of State education of Eaubonne (4, rue de Soisy). The district belongs to the basin of education and training of Enghien-the-Baths.

Sport

It is in Eaubonne that the world cup does without Baby-foot. Eaubonne has a club of Tennis which is the first of the Val-d'Oise.

To deepen

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