Dynasty of Xia Western
See also: Xixia (homonymy)
Known as Chinese dynasty , the dynasty of Xia Occidentaux (西夏, in Pinyin xīxià) consists in fact of a state founded by the Tangoute S (or Tangout), people speaking a language tibéto-Burmese E. Its official dates in the Chinese history are 1032 to 1227, year when it was conquered by the Mongolian S of the dynasty Yuan carried out by Genghis Khan. Its territory recovered about the current provinces of the Gansu, the Shanxi and the Ningxia in the North-West of the China.
The Song and the Jin regarded it as a vassal State, although it is in independent fact.
The Tangoute S were in the beginning wandering people arranged in the category of the " barbares" qiang, Chinese name 羌 composed of both Sinogramme S anybody 人 and sheep 羊. It would have been fixed on the heights of the Western Sichuan little before the 10th century century. The state tangoute was founded into 982 by a sovereign having for Chinese name Li Deming 李德明, under the name tangoute of " phiow ¹ - bjij ² - lhjij-lhjij ² " " country-large-white-élevé".
Li Deming adopted many habits and Chinese practices Han, but his/her son Li Yuanhao (李元昊), very attached to the habits of his ancestors, made create in 1036, probably by a scientist named main Iri, a writing tangoute whose few 6000 signs took as a starting point the Sinogramme S. Nevertheless, the writing Tibetan seems to be used preferably with the writing tangoute for the religious texts. Li Yuanhao also imposed on the population the port of the costume and the hairstyle tangouts. It gave to its capital the name of Xingqing (興慶) and proclaimed emperor in 1038.
The Bouddhisme was official religion of the State. It was primarily about Buddhism tantric mixed Bön, religion Tibetan pre-Buddhist. The entirety of the Buddhist gun would have been translated into tangoute in only 50 years. The king/emperor, sometimes mentioned under the term of Buddha or Bodhisattva, was to have a semi-divine nature. Many payments framed the religious activities. Thus, the preachers come from India or the Tibet were to be approved by the authorities to have the right to carry on their activities, and nobody could be made Moine without authorization. The female monasteries accepted only the virgins and the widows.
A long time known of the Occident primarily through the documents Chinese, the site of its capital was discovered in 1907 by Piotr Kuzmich Kozlov. In 1991, a bilingual tangout/Chinese Buddhist gun was discovered in the county of Helan, province of the Ningxia.
Official list of the Western Xia emperors
See too
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