Dunwich

A Anglicism is a loan made with the English language, but which can be regarded as faulty, according to the cases.

In practice, one distinguishes two precise directions for the word Anglicism .

Loans with English in the broad sense:

Loan with the English language

(the Robert)

ENGL. Anglicism: English word, of some source that it is, employed in French and criticized like abusive or useless loan (the English words employed for a long time and normally in French are not preceded by this mark)

( Table of conventional the signs terms and abbreviations of the Robert)

The Anglicism is born, either of a defect of translation, or of a bad translation (the word for word one).

It should be noted that the perception of the Anglicisms is not the same one everywhere in the Francophonie and from one institution to another. Thus, spam should result in Pourriel according to OQLF, term which the French Academy rejected. (see the article Junk email for more details)

One also speaks in certain cases about copies, i.e. of a word for word translation of a turning or a direction not existing in French: Skyscraper for skyscraper ( sky means “sky” and scrape “to scrape”), to carry out within the meaning of “becoming aware” or that to initiate “to undertake, begin, implement”.

Categories of Anglicisms

According to the Colpron , dictionary of the Anglicisms published to the Quebec, one can classify the Anglicisms in six categories:

  • the semantic Anglicism: it is attribution with a French word of a meaning which it has only in English (False-friends), or literal translation of a Idiotisme English;
  • : domestic flight for interior flight;

  • the lexical Anglicism: it is the loan of words or expressions English employed such as they are;

  • : feedback (feedback)

  • the syntactic Anglicism: it is the copy of syntactic constructions suitable for the English language;

  • : to be in load of (< in load off ): to be charged with

  • the morphological Anglicism: they are errors in the formation of words (kind, suffixations, etc);

  • : the credits of a company (< the assets ): the credit

  • the phonetic Anglicism: it is a fault of pronunciation;

  • : hundred (Canadian dollar or euro) marked

  • the graphic Anglicism: it is the use of an orthography or a typography which follows the Anglo-Saxon use;

  • : use of the decimal point instead of the comma and the English quotation marks " " in the place of the French quotation marks “”

The use of the French contemporary is marked by many Anglicisms. One should not forget only if the tendency were reversed these last decades, for a long time the English language borrowed more from the French language than the opposite, with the result that some of these Anglicisms in current French were Gallicisme S in English at a certain time (e.g.: obsolete).

The number and the frequency of the Anglicisms vary according to the speakers and the fields of speciality. Certain fields abound in it, like the economy, but especially the Informatique. This one, because of economic hegemony of the United States of America in this field, is indeed prone to many loans with English (with the Anglo-American Jargon data-processing), the lingua franca in fact between the data processing specialists of the whole world being English. Moreover, the majority of the computer programming languages have a vocabulary inspired of English with the result that the programmers have a tendency natural to think in English.

Many Anglicisms have French equivalents. Their employment is thus not justified by a gap of the French lexicon, but the unification of the vocabulary makes it possible to facilitate the transmission without ambiguity of pointed knowledge and in rapid evolution. Thus, in other fields like the Zoology and the Botanical , the use of the Latin is generalized to name plants and animals.

The Anglicisms are numerous in the countries where French is in daily liaison with English (bilingual countries like the Canada) or who was occupied by an anglophone country (like the Japan). The Belgium being a primarily bilingual country, the government uses sometimes Anglicisms: on the one hand, that avoids using Dutch terms or French which could support one or the other community, on the other hand certain ministers not having a command of well the other language, English then makes it possible to be expressed more easily. A good portion of the “recent” Anglicisms however appeared around Paris: mailing, customiser, news, Chewing-gum, green.

Journalists of television French, whose knowledge, as well of the target language as of the source language, can be inversely proportional with the media capacity as their function confers to them, constitute a decisive vector in the introduction of the Anglicisms in France. Lexical, syntactic or phonetic, these copies introduced by ignorance, intellectual idleness or snobbery enjoy near the televiewers a strong effect of mode which guarantees their rapid insidious acclimatization in the French language.

The French-speaking countries try to counter the loans with English while reacting by the creation of neologisms, particularly in the data-processing field (fabric for Web (abbreviation of World Wide Web), email for Email, Pourriel for spam, etc).

List current Anglicisms

  • Semantic

    • to realize (< realize ): to realize of
    • to initiate (< initiate ): to begin, start
    • to have the impression of: to have the feeling of
    • opportunity (< opportunity ): occasion
    • time (< delay ): delay
    • obviousness (< obviousness ): proof
    • proof (< proof ): demonstration

  • Lexical

    • weekend : end of the week
    • mailing : Mass mailing
    • email : Email
    • chater / chatter : to chatter (used in the context of Internet)
    • checker : to check
    • dispatcher (verb): to distribute
    • hoax : Hoax (used in the context of Internet)
    • hype : connected
    • leader : leader
    • to manage : manager
    • news : news
    • pipeline : Pipeline
    • premium time : hour for great listening
    • to test : to check
    • toaster : toaster

  • Syntactic

    • in load of (< in load off ): charged with
    • is under control (< under control ): is controlled
    • to make direction (< to make judicious ): to have direction
    • based on (< Based one ): based on

  • Phonetic

    • Israel marked I' z' raël instead of I' raël

  • Graphic

    • license : license
    • Redoubling of the first consonant (French: “aggression”, “abbreviation”, “address”; English: “aggression”, “abbreviation”, “address”)
    • connection : connection
    • has, B, and C : has, B and C
    • the fact of sticking some punctuation marks double to the word which precedes them (see in English the recommendations of the NASA' S Handbook for Technical Writers and Editors) whereas in French they are normally preceded by a space. That relates to the Point-virgule (; ), the Colon (: ), the Not of exclamation (! ) and the Question mark (? ). In the same way for the Quotation mark S, as one will trace (“”) and not (" ") :
      • It says: " cette sentence is badly printed! Is this normal? "
      • It answered: “But this is correct; what do you think about it? ”

See too

Related articles

External bonds

  • Page on the Anglicisms of Quebec put in prospect compared to those for European French
  • a dictionary for inhabitant of Quebec

Random links:Compás de la operación | Prepona antimache | FK Dynamo Minsk | Precede (unit) | HongKong Award Film of the best realizer | Yang Zhengguang