Duke of Lancaster
The title of duke of Lancaster was carried several times at and the beginning of the 15th century.
History of the title
The first creation of the title dates from the March 6th 1351 for Henry de Grosmont, Count de Lancastre, Leicester, Derby and Lincoln. He was a great-grandson of Henri III of England, and this title dies out with him in 1361.
Jean of Ghent was the second to receive this title the November 13rd 1362. He was also count de Lancastre, Richmond, Derby and Leicester. He was the fourth wire of the king Edouard III of England, and had married Blanche of Lancaster, the fifth countess of Lancaster, girl of Henry de Grosmont.
When he died, the February 4th 1399, the duchy passed to his/her son, Henri de Bolingbroke, 1st Duc of Hereford. Later this same year, this last usurped the crown of England of the king Richard II, and reached the throne under the name of Henri IV. Consequently, the duchy was attached to the crown.
The third creation of the title intervenes the November 10th 1399 for Henri de Monmouth, Prince de Galles, the oldest son of the new king. When this one reached the throne under the name of Henri V in 1413, the duchy was again attached to the crown.
Although the title of duke of Lancaster does not exist any more since 1413, the Duché of Lancaster always exists as a separate entity of the capacity of the Crown. It is one of the two duchies of the the United Kingdom, and it currently counts like possession of the queen Elisabeth II. The sovereign is traditionally designated as a duke of Lancaster, independently of the kind, but without legal base.
He is of habit in the formal dinners (particularly in the regiments lancastriens of the armed forces), to announce: “With the queen, duke of Lancaster” at the time of the “ Honest Toast ”.
The first creation (1351)
- 1351 - 1361 : Henry de Grosmont (1306 - 1361), Count de Lancastre, Leicester, Derby and Lincoln.
The second creation (1362)
- 1362 - 1399 : Jean of Ghent (1340 - 1399), count de Lancastre, Richmond, Derby, Lincoln and Leicester. Son-in-law of the précédent ;
- 1399 : Henri Bolingbroke (1367 - 1413), count de Lancastre, Derby, Leicester, Lincoln, Northampton, and Duke of Hereford. Became Henri IV of England in 1399. Wire of the precedent.
The third creation (1399)
- 1399 - 1413 : Henri de Monmouth (1387 - 1422), Prince de Galles. Became Henri V of England in 1413. Wire of the precedent.
See too
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