Duchy of Juliers

The county of Juliers (in German Jülich ), become at the 14th century duchy of Juliers is an old duchy of the Germanic Roman Holy roman Empire. At the beginning of the 15th century, it was built-in the Cercle of Low-Rhine-Westphalia.

Geographical location

It was bordered in north by the Gueldre and the Duché of Clèves, in the east by the electorate of Cologne, in south-west by the Duché of Limbourg and in the west by the duchy of Clèves.

The principal cities were Juliers, Aachen, Duren, Aldenhoven, Zulpich and Dalen.

History

Towards the end of the Carolingian time, Juliers was managed by imperial counts who had it in hereditary stronghold starting from the {{XIIe}} century. The county of Juliers was a dependence of the duchy of Low-Lotharingie until the medium of the {{XIIIe}} century, where the count Gerard V was created immediate prince of the Empire. The count Guillaume V was created margrave in 1336 by the emperor Louis IV, then duke in 1356 by the emperor Charles IV. His/her son Guillaume VI acquired by marriage the Duché of Gueldre and his other wire Gerard VI the Duché of Berg. Adolphe inherited into 1423 all these possessions. Guillaume VIII, last going down from the dynasty, left the duchy to his/her Marie daughter, woman of Jean III peaceful the, duke of Clèves. This last joins together into 1521 the duchies of Clèves, Berg and Juliers.

The house of Clèves being itself extinct in 1609 with the duke Jean-Guillaume, a war, known as war of succession of Juliers opposed the five sisters of this princes, and the houses of Saxony, Palatinat-Neubourg and Brandebourg. The house of Saxony based its claims on an expectancy of succession granted in 1483 by the emperor Frederic III of the Holy roman Empire to the duke Albert. The voter of Brandebourg, son-in-law of Marie-Eléonore, older sister of Jean-Guillaume, and the count de Neubourg, husband of Anne, second sister of the same prince, occupied the country and concluded in Dortmund a treaty by which they were appropriate to manage the joint duchy. The emperor Rodolphe II wanted to cancel this treaty and ordered the sequestration of the duchy. To maintain their rights, the two princes beseeched the help of the Protestant Union, and were combined with Henri IV, king de France. The intervention of France was delayed by its assassination by Ravaillac. In 1612, disputes rose between the voter and the count de Neubourg. Lastly, in 1614, a treaty was concluded with Santen, under the mediation of the England and the France; the succession was shared in two batches, which one drew with the fate. The voter of Brandebourg accepted the duchy of Clèves, the county of Marck and Ravensberg; the count de Neubourg duchies of Juliers and Berg. After new fights, this treaty was confirmed in 1666.

With the extinction of the house of Neubourg (1742), the duchy of Juliers échut to the line of Soulzbach, later heiress of the Bavaria. It belonged to the latter until 1801, date where it was incorporated in France (department of Roër). By the treaty of Vienna (1815), it fell in division to Prussia, except some parts built-in the Province of Limbourg of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

See also: List of the counts and dukes of Juliers

Armorial bearings

The county of Juliers carried: gold to the sand lion armed and lampassé of mouths . There is no explanation to the fact that these weapons are the same ones as that of the counts de Flandre

Sources

External bonds

Edicts of Juliers, Clèves, Berg, Grand Duchy of Berg, 1475-1815 (coll Scotti) in line

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