Duchy of Burgundy

The duchy of Burgundy is a feudal Duché of Burgundy between with for capital Dijon. It is directed by the dukes of Burgundy and extends between 1363 and 1477 in Burgundian State.

List vassal counties of the duchy of Burgundy

The duchy of Burgundy east Suzerain of the Vassal counties following:

County of Burgundy (current Franche-Comté), County of Trawl-net, County of Charolais, County of Mâcon, County of Autun, County of Nevers, County of Avalon, County of Thunder, County of Senlis, County of Auxerre, County of Direction, County of Troyes, County of Auxonne, County of Montbeliard, County of Bar and other counties and seigniories…

History

With the IXe century the kings Carolingian S Louis III of France and Carloman II of France and the princely members of their family share the Carolingian Empire of Charlemagne of which they inherited by reorganizing all the kingdoms Carolingien S France in Duché S and county S feudal vassal of king de France.

The Duché of Burgundy is founded in 880 starting from the Royaume of Burgundy.

Richard II of Burgundy

The Seigneur Richard II of Burgundy (known as Richard the Dispenser of justice) is named Marquis then first duke of Burgundy (one of the six even laic primitive of France) by his suzerain the king Louis III of France

Philippe II known as the Bold one

In 1361 the duke Philippe de Rouvre dies without heir, the king of France Jean II the Good recovers the duchy and in 1363 grants it his/her son Philippe Bold the in Apanage. That Ci, political end, receives Flandres by its marriage with Marguerite III of Flanders. It thus inaugurates a matrimonial policy already outlined by its predecessor Philippe de Rouvre, policy whom his successors will continue and who constitutes in a few decades the Burgundian State. By marrying in 1385 his/her son Jean without Fear in Marguerite, girl of the count Albert Ier de Hainaut and of Holland, and his/her Marguerite daughter with Guillaume IV of Hainaut, wire and heir to Albert, it prepares the union of these principalities at the Burgundian State which its grandson Philippe carried out the Good. To died from his brother Charles V in 1380, Philippe the Bold one will become regent and tutor of the king while waiting for the majority of Charles VI (in 1388). He consolidates his possessions and the diplomatic position of France by seeking alliances with the Saint Empire, it is in this spirit that it Marie Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria. It will always keep a strong influence on the Isabeau queen. The duke of Burgundy is then the most powerful personality of France. Charles VI sinking in the madness in 1392, the businesses of the state are managed by a council of regency chaired by the queen Isabeau. The queen being poor policy, it is still Philippe the Bold one who with the dominating influence in the businesses of the Kingdom, however it must compose with rise to power of the ambitious brother of the king: Louis of Orleans.

Jean Ier called without Fear

With died Philippe the Bold one in 1404, his/her son Jean without Peur inherits the duchy. This last handles with skill the demagogy, acquires sympathies in the Parisian middle-class and fact causes common with the idealists of the university of Paris, always ready to mix the reform with the Church, as solution of the Schisme, and kingdom reforms it, like way towards the political virtue. In its principalities, it can moderate its ambitions, so that the construction of the Burgundian State surely progresses: it unifies the Comté of Burgundy in there integral Besancon, bond between Burgundy and Netherlands, establishes with Liege a obliging Prince-bishop. It appendix Thunder, Boulogne and the Picardy.

It has much less influence on Isabeau of Bavaria than his father; the more so as Louis of Orleans has a connection with the queen (the future Charles VII is suspected of coming about it) and made évincer the Burgundian ones of the council of regency. Jean without Fear the fact of assassinating in 1407. This act precipitates the country in a civil war opposing the Bourguignons to the partisans of Louis of Orleans gathered within the party of Armagnac. It supports the revolt cabochienne in Paris, and will release the queen and the Louis Dolphin who are retained by the Armagnacs with Turns (he offers protection to them and the cabin with Troyes). Henri V the king of England, benefits from these disorders to start again the Guerre One hundred Year old and to invade Normandy. After the rout of Azincourt in 1415, the fortresses fall the ones after the others to the hands from the English. The duke of Burgundy operates not to run up against them (because they are the wool suppliers of the prosperous clothiers of Flandres) and to widen its possessions. He seizes the power in Paris in 1418, with the assistance of the craftsmen and the academics. The English pressure increases and a bringing together between the two parties is essential. The Charles dolphin thus meets the duke of Burgundy with Montereau. Partisans of Armagnacs fearing that the dolphin yields to the Burgundian sights assassinate Jean without Peur at the time of the interview on September 19th, 1419.

Philippe III known as the Good

Philippe the Good, the son of Jean without Peur is combined then with the English. They make sign in 1420 with the Isabeau queen and the king Charles VI the Traité of Troyes which disinherits the dolphin (suspected of being illegitimate) with the profit of the king of England which will become king de France with dead of Charles VI (it controls already all the north and the south-west of France). In 1422, Charles VI and Henri V die. Henri VI of England becomes king d' Angleterre and king de France but does not have that 1 year is not crowned. The Duc of Bedford becomes also regent of the kingdom of France. In 1423 he marries Anne of Burgundy, the sister of Philippe the Good. Charles VII is crowned thanks to the intervention of Jeanne d' Arc in 1429.

In 1429, the duke of Burgundy takes possession in Gagère Comté of Namur in Belgium sold by the Marquis de Namur Jean III for 132000 gold crowns in 1421 with usufruct until his death in 1429.

January 10th, 1430, he marries a girl of the king of Portugal Isabelle of Portugal to Bruges. On this occasion, it creates the Ordre of the Golden Fleece.

May 24th, 1430, troops of Jean II of Luxembourg-Ligny known as count de Guise with the service of Burgundian defend Compiegne that Jeanne d' Arc tried to take. During an exit, they do it captive and delivers it to the Duc of Bedford regent of France and England for the sum of 10  000 pounds.

August 4th, 1430: Philippe the Good becomes Duc of the Brabant, Lothier and Limbourg in succession of Philippe of Saint-pol.. In 1435 it signs with Charles VII the Traité of Arras which gives the independence in fact to the duchy of Burgundy (however the duke remains vassal of king de France but is exempted Hommage) and marks the end of the civil war. English present during the negotiations refuses the cancellation of the Traité of Troyes. They left the negotiation and threaten Philippe the Good. In return, this one tries to take again Calais but the seat turns to the disaster for the troops of Philippe the Good which is withdrawn in Flanders. The trans-Manche trade is stopped and the Flemish clothiers are not supplied any more out of wool. In 1437 Bruges revolts against Philippe the Good which failed to leave the life there. The insurrection is reduced with the assistance of the towns of Ghent and Ypres. The peace of Gravelines between Philippe the Good and Henri VI of England allows the revival of the trade between England and the Flanders in 1439.

The English were weakened considerably by the treaty of Arras. Having plundered the country by Chevauchée S during years they supported the development of a national feeling which crystallized with the intervention of Jeanne d' Arc. They are perceived like invaders, are little by little dislodged their positions by the troops of king de France and will be pared out of the continent in 1453. In 1443 the death of aunt de Philippe the Good, the duchess Elizabeth de Goerlitz of Luxembourg enables him to take possession of the Luxembourg. At this date, the Duchy of Burgundy east to the ridge of its power.

In 1453 the Gantois revolt. They are crushed in Gâvres, by his/her son Charles Bold the which represses the insurrection violently.

June 15th, 1467, Philippe the Good dies out with Bruges at the 71 years age. His/her son, succeeds to him the head of the Duchy of Burgundy.

Charles the Bold one

Charles Bold the will want like its predecessors to reconstitute old the Lotharingie by connecting the Flemish and Dutch fields (the countries " of by-deçà") with the Burgundian fields (the countries " of by-delà") while trying to annex Champagne, Lorraine, Alsace. Charles the Bold one did not hesitate to defy within the framework of the Ligue of the Public property Louis XI while delivering to him battles with Montlhéry (1465) and by putting the seat in front of Paris. The thus constrained it king to sign the treaties of Saint-Maur-of-Ditches and Conflans by which it recovers the Picardy and the town of Boulogne.

The revolts of Liege and Dining (which depended on the Principauté of Liege) against the prince-bishop Louis de Bourbon moved away it one moment from the French businesses. The Principauté of Liege geographically separated its possessions on the level from the valley of the Meuse. The August 25th 1466, Charles took possession of Dining, which was plundered and destroyed, and put an end to inclinations inhabitants of Li2ege. After the death of Philippe the Good (June 15th 1467), the Inhabitants of Li2ege took again the hostilities, but Charles the Bold one overcame them with Saint-Trond and, after the start of the 600 Franchimontois, took Liege, which was destroyed and subjected in the presence of Louis XI who had financed and supported the insurrection of it. The king of France is obliged to yield the Brie and Champagne in 1468 to him.

The duke Sigismond of Austria of Hasbourg brings his assistance in to him 1469 by selling to him his grounds of Alsace and the country of Brisgau, area of the county of Bade in Germany.

However, the Burgundian ones are badly perceived, and Alsace revolts as well as the Swiss ones.

In 1471, it proclaims independence, however it dies in the head office of Nancy in 1477 and its army is put in rout allowing Louis XI to seize the duchy of Burgundy. His/her daughter Marie of Burgundy last heiress Marie with Maximilien I {{er}} of Habsbourg to counter the king of France.

Burgundian dispute

With died of Charles Bold the, and following the marriage of Marie of Burgundy with a Habsbourg, the title of Duke of Burgundy and the duchy is divided into two. The king Louis XI becomes duke of Burgundy with the Burgundy, and the Habsbourgs of Austria and Spain become duke of Burgundy with the Burgundian Netherlands (current Bénélux) and the Franche-Comté.

Habsbourgs, and in particular, Charles Quint against his adversary François I {{er}}, will not have of cease to make recognize their rights to the duchy of Burgundy, without any success. This question will cause recurring conflicts between France and Austria (and Spain which also belonged to the empire of Habsbourgs). The Charolais is reconquered only in 1659 and the Franche-Comté that into 1678 in Habsbourgs of Austria. On this date, Louis XIV succeeds in definitively attaching it to the kingdom of France by the Traité of Nimègue.

See too

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