Drew Barrymore

Pierre Boulez is a Compositeur, pedagog and Leader French born with Montbrison in the the Loire the March 26th 1925.

Musician with the considerable influence on all the contemporary French field musical and intellectual.

The type-setter

He studies mathematics and the music with Lyon. In 1942, he is the pupil of Andrée Vaurabourg (woman of Arthur Honegger) and of Olivier Messiaen with the Conservatoire of Paris which he leaves with crash to go to study the serialism with Rene Leibowitz. Among its first work are its Cantate S the bridal Face and the Sun of water as well as the 2 {{E}} sonata for piano (1948) written at 23 years, and which accepted warm welcome.

In 1948, he is musical director of the Théâtre Marigny and in 1954, its programming of avant-garde will become the musical Domaine . It composes by using the principles of the Sérialisme, generalized with beginning of the year 50 with other parameters that the heights, as in the 1 {{er}} delivers Structures in 1951, or in Polyphonie X . But its language is softened and in 1954, the Hammer without Master , supported to poems of Rene Char, does not apply already any more one strict serialism.

Although it is abusive of speaking about random composition, it introduces a share of chance into its works as of 1957 in its 3 {{E}} sonata for piano, by leaving with the interpreter the choice interpret or not certain fragments, or change their ordinance.

In many compositions, it will put in music French poets such Mallarmé, Char or Michaux.

In 1960, it begins Pli according to fold and Figure-Double-Prisms .

In 1974, it founds and directs until in 1991 IRCAM, an specialized institution in research and the application of digital technologies to the music and acoustics.

In 1976, it deals with the Ensemble intercontemporain.

It is influential for the realization of the Cité of the music to Paris.

The leader

During all these years, he is a large pedagog, with Darmstadt of 1955 with 1967, and the university of Harvard.

He is one of the very large leaders of his time, even if its interpretations sometimes caused polemics. In 1958, with the orchestra of Südwestfunk of Baden-Baden (where it has resided for more than fifty years), with the Orchestre of Cleveland in 1967, the Symphony orchestra of the BBC of 1971 with 1975, the Philharmonic orchestra of New York of 1971 with 1978, and the Symphony orchestra of Chicago in 1995, it will undertake a very personal and selective discography.

Its repertory of predilection is that of its century, of Mahler until the compositions of his/her contemporary colleagues, of Stockhausen to György Ligeti. Swell is particularly known for its interpretations of the repertory of the beginning of the 20th century, Claude Debussy, Maurice Ravel, Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schönberg, Igor Stravinski, Béla Bartók, Anton Webern and Edgard Varèse.

In 1976, it is invited to direct the Tétralogie of Wagner at the time of the centenary of its creation, with the Festival of Bayreuth, representations which will make date, with the setting in scene of Patrice Chéreau. It returns to Bayreuth in 2004 to direct Parsifal in the setting in scene discussed of Christoph Schlingensief.

In 1984, it collaborates with Frank Zappa and directs the Ensemble Intercontemporain for the execution of three compositions of the guitarist.

Stakes

Compositions

The fact that many compositions of Swell are permanently unfinished ( 3rd sonata , Livre for quartet ), that they underwent many rehandlings ( Pli according to fold , … explode-fixed… ), that they were disavowed by their author ( Polyphonie X ) returns the establishment of a a little complicated catalog… But some estimate that it is enthralling to hear the same work under its various aspects.

12 notations for piano (1946), together of short parts making twelve measurements (figure 12 being referred with the Dodecaphony. Four of these parts were orchestrated in 1978
Sonatine for flute and piano (1946)
1st sonata for piano (1946)
2nd sonata for piano (1948)
the sun of water for voice and orchestra (1950 - 1965)
Structures for two pianos, delivers I
Livre for string quartet (1949) (orchestrated partially under the name of Livre for cords )
Polyphonie X for orchestra (1951)
the Hammer without Master for voice and 5 instruments (1954)
3rd sonata for piano (1956 - 1957)
Poetry to be able for reciting, orchestra and magnetic band (1958)
the bridal face for voice and orchestra
Pli according to fold for soprano and orchestra (1957 - 1962, important revision of Improvisation III in 1989), consisted of Don , Improvisations on Mallarmé I-III and Tombeau .
Structures for two pianos, delivers II (1956 - 1961)
Domaines (1968) versions for clarinet alone and clarinet and together
Figure-Double-Prisms for orchestra (1957 - 1968)
Éclat/Multiples
Rituel in memoriam Bruno Maderna (1974 - 1975) for orchestra in 8 groups
Messagesquisse (1976 - 1977) for violoncello solo and 6 violoncellos, dedicated to Paul Sacher
Répons for 6 soloists, orchestrates and electronic device (1981 - 1984)
… exploding/fixes… work “open” to the memory of Igor Stravinski, having existed under various versions since 1972, the last dates some being for flutes, orchestra and electronic device 1991 - 1993
cummings STI DER dichter for chorus and orchestra
Notations for orchestra (derivative of the Notations for piano ) I-IV (1980) and VII (1998)
Dérive for 6 instruments (1984)
Incises for piano (1994/2001)
On Incises (1996/1998) for 3 pianos, 3 toothings-stone and 3 percussion-keyboards
Dialog of the shade doubles for clarinet and electronic device (1985)
Mémoriale for unit (1985) (explode-fixed derivative of …… )
Anthèmes for violin alone (1991) (explode-fixed derivative also of …… )
Anthèmes 2 (1997) for violin and electronic device
Drift 2 for 11 instruments (1988/2006)

Selective discography

orchestral Works of Varèse, Bartók, Schoenberg, Debussy, Stravinski, Ravel, CBS /Sony;
Berg, Excentric , DG;
Integral of works of Webern, DG;
Bruckner, Symphony No 8, DG;
Mahler, Integral of the symphonies, DG;
Wagner, the Tetralogy , Philips and Parsifal , DG;
Debussy, Pelléas and Mélisande , Sony Classical and DVD, DG.

External bonds

Biography, catalogs works, bibliography, discography, bonds, on the site musicologie.org
Biographie and catalogs on the site of the IRCAM
Pierre Boulez by the photographer Philippe Gontier
Article of the philosopher François Coadou devoted to Boulez on the site musicologie.org
'' Vidéo: '' Pierre Boulez in 1968, a file of the French-speaking Switzerland Television

Works on Pierre Boulez

Dominique Jameux, Pierre Boulez, Beech
Discussions with Michel Archimbaud by P. Boulez (Pocket - November 24th, 1980)
Incidences… Pierre Boulez by Philippe Gontier (MF editions-2006)
Meston, Olivier, Eclat of Pierre Boulez , Edition Michel De Maule, Paris, p.60
Nattiez, Jean-Jacques, << Répons and the crisis of the contemporary musical << communication >> >>, Répons Boulez, Actes Sud Papiers, p.23-43
Piencikowski, Robert, Rene Char and Pierre Boulez, analytical Esquisse of the Hammer without Master, Publications of the Suisse company of Musicology, Verlag Paul Haupt Bern und Stuttgart, p.193-267
Stoïanova, Ivanka, << the third sonata of Swell and the Mallarméen project of the Book >>, Musique concerned , no.16, 1974, p.9-28
Stoïanova, Ivanka, << narrativism, teleology and invariance in musical work. In connection with Ritual of Pierre Boulez >>, Music concerned , November 1976, 25:19, p.14-31

Works of Pierre Boulez

Lessons of music, in three volumes: I - To imagine, II - Glances on others, III - Lesson at the Collège de France, Christian Bourgois
By will and chance, the Threshold.
Glares 2002, Discussions with Claude Samuel, Memory of the book.
To think the music today .1963

Simple: Pierre Boulez

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