the doric order simplest, is stripped the most of the three Greek orders. The doric columns are characterized in particular by their capital with spine punt (naked, without decorations), by their Fût decorated of 20 grooves and by the basic absence (for the doric Greek); the doric plank caracteries by its Triglyphe S and its Métope S.

The Doric order is also oldest of the Greek orders (it appears at fifth century BC). Vitruve allots its invention to Doros, wire of Hellen. Those which employed it the first “  measured , known as Vitruve, the foot of a man, and, finding that it was the sixth part the height of the body, they applied to their column S this proportion : whatever was the diameter of the column to its foot, they gave to the stem, including the capital, a height equal to six times this diameter. &nbosp; ” It is only one legend there.

The protodoric must it be seen in Egypt in the hypogean S of Bless-Hassan ( ?). Certain resemblances are indéniables  ; but it is in Greece only that the Doric order was applied, although there remains some monument pseudo-doric in Egypt. What characterizes it, it is the basic absence  : the column rests directly on the general Soubassement. It is usually of truncated form   ; on the barrel are dug broad Cannelure S with sharp edges, not very deep and finished in the top by a straight line. The capital does not have astragale, but only one or more Filet S, which separate the grooves from the Tore. This one, which names spine (of the Greek echinos , basin), has a widened form, overflowing much the barrel of the column, and supports a square flagstone, without mouldings, called Tailloir or abacus . The Entablement offers the same character of simplicity and force  ; the Architrave in is very high and entirely lisse  ; the plank, decorated with triglyphes (vertical grooves) and with métopes (sometimes smooth depressions, sometimes carved), of it is the part more riche  ; the Cornice, finally, present from the profiles extremely simple and is characterized by the tilted mutules which, according to Vitruve, would simulate the forces of the roof. Sometimes to add to the character of energy and solidity, the Greeks reduced the Entrecolonnement to a dimension such, that the trenchers seem to be touched. With the remainder, the proportions of the various members of this kind underwent, in Greece even, of the rather significant variations. Thus, the reduction in the barrel varies quarter with half of the lower diameter, and, instead of occurring according to a straight line, it is stopped sometimes by a light bulge ( entasis ), as one sees it in the temple of Paestum.

Description

The prototype of the doric column is a column out of wooden surmounted by a stone smooth or granulous, which will be then the capital (with Olympie, Pausanias, traveller of the 2nd century, saw original columns out of wooden of the temple of Héra still in place). The doric columns oldest were very squat (first temple of Aphaia with Egine), then with time they are refined. In the same way the capital, very flattened, is rectified and at the time hellenistic it hardly deviates from the barrel.

The height of the column, compared with the lower diameter, varies between 4  diameters and 5  diamètres  3/4  ; the dimension of the entrecolonnements is of 1 diameter environ  ; the report/ratio of the entablature to the column is about of 1 with 3  ; the height of the Architrave is generally of 3/4 of diamètre  ; that of the plank, a diamètre  ; that of the Cornice, 1/4 of diamètre  ; that of the capital, including the spine, the trencher and nets, of 1/2 diameter. The number of grooves of the barrel varies from sixteen to twenty-four. Each Triglyphe falls plumb with the medium from each column and the medium with each entrecolonnement, except the triglyphe of each end, which is reported to the angle of the entablature.

In addition to these differences in the proportions and divisions, the Doric order tested, in Greece, of the rather remarkable variations of character and style. The plank of the Parthenon is decorated of Bas-relief S. the most beautiful application which was made of this system of Architecture is seen with Athens, in the Propylées and the Parthenon.

The Doric order is the order par excellence, that whose other orders are only emanations. It was the system of architecture which the Greeks employed in the greatest number of their monuments.

The Romains subjected doric notable altérations : the order gained in twinge, but lost in force and majesté  ; its form ceased being pyramidal. The capital was especially modifié : the spine and the trencher became less projecting. The height of the entablature was decreased. the triglyphes multiplied between the entrecolonnements. The cornice accepted an ogee moulding, a Larmier, and even of the Denticule s  ; one gave him one the height third of the Entablement, instead of the fifth, and one reduced in proportions opposite the dimension of the architrave.

As much the doric Greek is robust, alive and proud, as much the Roman is deprived of firmness, character, majesty.

Elements of the Doric order

Caption drawing:

Some examples of the Doric order

Doric Greek

Doric Roman

Doric modern

See too

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