Dog

History

Systematic

Direction

The brain of the dog is of enough small size, since it does not weigh, on average, that two thirds of that of the wolf. On the other hand it has very developed directions.

the direction of the sense of smell, 35 times more developed in the dog than at the man. Its olfactive membrane measures 130 cm ² (against 3 cm ² at the man). To note that this direction is discriminating (the dog is able to detect and to follow a precise odor among a multitude of other odors, even if this one are in negligible proportion), capacity largely used by the man for the searchs for drugs, explosives, missing people, etc
hearing is also a very precise direction: the dog is able to hear ultrasonic sounds for the man (Ultrason S). Moreover, the ears of the dog can be directed towards a sound source while swivelling thanks to many muscles. Lastly, it can dissociate from the sounds and thus hear only the “interesting sounds”.
the vision of the dog is better of night, because, even if it badly distinguishes the colors (it is unable to see the red, its spectrum visual energy of the yellow to blue) and the details, it has a reflective surface behind the retina (the Tapetum Lucidum ), which returns the light and gives an effect of brilliant eyes in the darkness. The field of view of the dog is approximately 250 degrees.
the touch is on the other hand not very sophisticated in the dog. This last will make the difference between a caress and a correction, heat and the cold, but in a limited way.
In the same way, the taste is developed little since its role, relatively limited, is filled by a fine sense of smell.

Care and health

Plays and left

The health of a dog depends mainly on its hygiene of life. The dogs, in particular largest and most muscular (Newfoundland, Boxer…) and sharpest (Shepherd of the Pyrenees, burrows…) need space and jeu.

In the absence of a garden where the animal could remain as much of time than it wishes it, it is recommended approximately to leave its dog at least four times per day (once every approximately six hours, i.e. twice less than one human going to the toilets) during a score minutes, to enable him to spend its overflow of energy, but more especially to avoid the urinary infections, generally due to a too long stagnation of the urine in the bladder. If the animal cannot be detached because he flees, have long leaves.

This average of four exits per day must be increased in the event of worsened risk of urinary infection. It is the case in particular for certain races of dogs, like the German shepherds (likely of many renal problems) or when you give to your dog not recommended food (see food).

Lastly, have with the spirit, if you only leave your dog all the day, that the best companion of the dog remains, in the absence of the man, another dog. Attention, however, to bring another dog on the territory of yours only while having before checked the reactions of your dog to this new animal (double walk…).

Education

Education forms also part of the health of the pet: a hierarchy must be established as soon as possible and socialization makes it possible to integrate the dog within a family with children and/or other animals domestiques.

As for any training in canine education, there is not a method, sacro-holy single method which goes to all the blows. We have at our disposal a pallet of means of training: each Master to find that which will enable him to render comprehensible with its dog what one awaits from him.

Moreover, although certain races of dogs are more “calm” that others, the behavior of a dog always depends on education and the attention which it will have received.

There is necessary all the same to remain conscious that an animal remains an animal, with its share of instinct and prédateur.

The dog is entitled to health and protection, like any pet, which implies that its Master has duties towards him.

In France, the ill treatments towards the animals are penalized, like their traffic, by sorrows of fine.

Diseases and vaccinations

The dogs of company are supervised and referred, in order to ensure their health and them protection.
Tattooings , electronic chip (obligatory in France since 2010), vermifugations and vaccinations belong to the medical monitoring of the animals, which have papers and health record updated at the time of the visits at the vétérinaire.
These “formalities”, important for the health of the dog, are it also when it is a question of making it travel. The obligations vary from one country to another, but the Rage in general remains a grave disease for which the Vaccin is requis.
The vermifuges delivered by the veterinary surgeons aim at eliminating the internal parasites (towards) which the dogs could be carrying and victims. A dog in good health has a wet truffle, eyes, ears, and a rear-axle unit clean. The breath should not be nauseous and the hair must be clean and silky. The “normal” temperature of the dog oscillates between 38° and 39° C, according to the race and of the activité.
Its cardiac rhythm is from approximately 90 to 120 pulsations per minute, for approximately 20 respiratory movements in this time.

The principal infectious illness in the dog is the disease of the Square, the disease of Rubarth, the Leptospirose, and the parvovirose.
These diseases can be the subject of vaccinations, and require a catch of load by a vétérinaire.
The dog can also suffer from affections such as digestive, cardiac or urinary problems.

The sick dog not being able clearly to be expressed, it is to the owner to lend attention to the possible symptoms, demonstrations and unusual behaviors of sound compagnon.
If the animal loses the appetite and the desire for playing, there is already matter to supervise closely. When appear clear symptoms such as fever, vomiting, ignitions or falls of hairs, the dog must be presented to a veterinary surgeon, who will be able to advise the Master and to look after the dog.

Parasites

Brushing, in particular for the dogs with long hair, makes it possible to eliminate the dead hairs. It also makes it possible to locate the possible presence of external parasites, such as the Tique S or the chip s.
The latter, persons in charge of inopportune itchings, can involve allergies, falls of hairs, and irritations of the skin of the dog. They must thus be withdrawn according to the councils of a vétérinaire.
In the event of need, an adapted shampoo can be used to wash the animal. The eyes and the ears must as be cleaned and the legs, checked with the return of the walks or in the event of limpings, in order to prevent as a foreign body (spine, nail…) do not cause lesions between the bearings. It is also necessary to think of vermifuger the dogs, because those can have intestinal worms. The catch of seals or others makes it possible to avoid and remove these worms. For leaving on vacation or if you live in places likely to have several insects and where your dog can catch ticks, chips and others, it is necessary to apply the adequate treatment to him. The two treatments must preferably be prescribed by the veterinary surgeon.

Food

As for any pet, it is necessary to take care to place water at the disposal, day and night, and in suffisante.
quantity The dog is a carnivore with omnivorous tendency; however he is sometimes regarded as being really omnivorous, because of his opportunist behavior. Two thirds approximately of its food should be made up of meats.
The food commercial is checked and is thus adapted to the various races. However, it is possible to compose oneself a meal balanced and adapted to the needs for an animal. For that, it is judicious to ask council a vétérinaire.
The cereals and vegetables are practical because they have fibers and make it possible the dogs to better digest. Even if the dog can allow itself to eat several categories of food (meats, fish, vegetables…), some prove to be true dangers to lui.
The owners are often tempted to give bones to their companion: it should be known that some of them are pointed or friable (chicken bone for example), and can cause lesions at the time of the ingestion.
It is on the other hand possible to offer to a dog a beautiful bone (ox kneecap) on which it will be able to clean its dents.
Also, of the delicacies can be offered in reward to this rather greedy animal. Attention however with the plumpness, running to certain races (labradors…).

The Chocolat contains Théobromine, substance badly tolerated by the dogs: weak amounts (two grams are enough for smallest), can be to them mortelles.

Reproduction

The bitch, which accepts the male only for its period of ovulation, is in heat twice a year. However, this rate/rhythm is only one average, heats being able to occur according to the races between 5 and 9 months of interval. In the most primitive races and wolfhounds, the female is in heats only once per annum, like the louve.
Gestation lasts between 59 and 63 days. The food will be modified the second month, on the councils of a spécialiste.
A few days before the low setting, which lasts on average 10 hours, the female prepares a place and agite.
The veterinary surgeon must be prevented, in order to be available in the event of complications.
At the time of the low setting, the bitch deals with the pups progressively of their arrival, cutting the umbilical cord and eating the placenta: this is normal and necessary to the lactation.
The ranges can be numerous (according to the race), going from 2 to 12 chiots.
The owner is responsible for each pup born: he has the duty to occupy or to find a foyer.
of it to them It is often difficult to place each new-born baby, this is why the Stérilisation is recommended.

Transfer of a pup

Concerning the descent of the standard, the owner of the standard does not have the right, with respect to the owner of the string, with compensations other than those planned for the projection. He does not have any right to be made Re put a pup except if the owner of the standard wishes to keep some for his own breeding, under condition of not selling it.

When the parts agreed for the handing-over of a pup as an allowance for the projection, this agreement must be formulated in writing and before the projection. In such an agreement, the following points must be formulated and respected:

moment of the choice of the pup by the owner of the standard. (the first choice belonging to him.)
moment of the handing-over of the pup to the owner of the standard.
the moment from which the right to the choice by the owner of the standard irrevocably passed.
the payment of the transport costs.
special agreements for the case where the string puts low only pups still-born children or which only one pup living or for the case where the selected pup has suddenly died before the handing-over

Role and place of the dog in the company

Dogs of utility

Apart from the family setting, where he likes to be spent, share the plays and the joys while protecting his hearth while assembling the guard, one finds the dog in various activities at the sides of the homme.

The dogs are used with many tasks, which call upon various qualities, according to the needs:

For a long time, the “sheepdogs” supervise the herds in mountain.
the pedigree dogs recognized for their resistance and their endurance can be used like dog of attachment, rescue and assistance.
Those whose capacities of attention, obedience and sense of smell are appreciated help the hunters (Gun dog), the truffle researchers (truffle Chien), or the police force in the fight against drugs (Chien of detection) and it search for people (dogs trackers, like the German shepherds).
the Watchdog must be at the same time aggressive and obeying.
Certains dogs is drawn up in order to help the handicapped people, and in particular the nonconspicuous people (dog guides of blind man, like the labradors).
Those finally sufficiently curious, players, accomplices with their Master, can be Chien of circus, dog movie actor, Chien of sport or leisures.
One uses also the dogs in time of war, the most known example being that of the dogs anti-tank device.

In certain civilizations, one eats meat of dog. The American Chow and naked dogs (Mexican naked Dog and naked Dog of Peru), in particular, are races selected specifically like source of viande.
Also, certain countries as the China are the theater of a traffic of dogs, prisoners and used in circumstances described as inhuman by defense associations of the animals, which rise against their practices.

Human consumption

In Europe

One found in France some canine butcheries until first half of the 19th century, his meat is also consumed in the France of overseas, in particular with Tahiti for the French national Festival.

The Gaulois ate dog, as showed it the excavations of tombs .

Many writings of the 18th century (Victor Hugo, Gustave Flaubert…) comprising meals of the dog describe.

So in France, nothing prohibits the consumption of the canine meat, the Head office of competition, consumption and repression of the frauds can however make close an establishment which would sell canine meat like another meat. In Germany, last canine butchery closed in the years 1940.

In Asia

Eaten traditionally in China (Popular republic of China and République of China), Korea, Vietnam, Kampuchea, Filipino, Laos, Thailand, or Myanmar, this meat are regarded there as an important component of the food because it is rich in proteins.

Certain types of dogs, consumed in melted in China, are regarded as goods for the kidneys, but are rather consumed by the men. They have exciting virtues close to the coffee.

In Africa

There is no taboo on the canine meat and it is possible to consume some in certain countries.

In the Moslem countries

The Islamic religion prohibited the consumption of meat of Canidé S.

In America

The dog is consumed traditionally with the Mexico.

In the United States of America, if the meat of Cheval is prohibited there with food consumption, the meat of dog is not it. However, it is interdict to eat some in certain States, as in California (however old Mexican State), and more generally of the animals “ domestiqués ”.

In Canada, although the meat consumption of dog is not anchored in the practices, it is not prohibited with the sale since the meat can be traced and that the animal was cut down and cut up in front of a federal inspector.

Services

The company adapts to the presence of the dogs within the families and cities. Thus, of many specialized structures were born in order to meet the needs for the companions and their Masters.

Raising and education : Centers of education make it possible to the owners to obtain councils near specialists. These centers in general propose “courses” in which the dogs learn the basic orders.
Care : The veterinary cabinets allow a medical monitoring of the animals. Moreover, as there exist doctors of guard, there exist veterinary surgeons of guard to face the urgencies.
Grooming : In addition to the shops specialized in the care for the “canine beauty contests”, certain animaleries offer a service of washing and setting in beauty of the pets.
Transport: The railway networks and air propose also solutions so that the animals can follow their Masters at the time of voyages or removals.
Nursery : In addition to specialized establishments, the “dog-sitting”, which consists of a placement in “family of reception” during displacements of the owners, makes it possible to avoid many abandonments the day before the holidays.
Refuges : Too much often overloaded, they is the last refuges of the animals given up, lost, victims of ill-treatment, or simply in waiting of a new Master.
Behaviorist : The trade of behaviorist makes it possible to analyze the interactions animal man/and thus assistance the owners to regulate the various problems of behavior.

Problem of the canine dejections downtown

The problems involved in the canine dejections are important in the cities.

For those which would have misfortune to go inside, not only they are nauseous (even if the habit says that to go of the left foot in droppings of dog carries happiness), but they can also cause accidents. It can happen that elderly are seriously wounded or die while slipping above.

motor bike-droppings were created in the Années 1990 in Paris to collect the canine dejections, in addition to spaces dedicated to the canine dejections.

Many communication campaigns try to inform the owners of the problems caused by their dogs. One finds in the trade of the bags to collect the dejections and of the laws were installation, punishing fines of the owners letting their dog make their needs.

Name of the dogs

In France, a rule imposes that all the dogs carrying a Pedigree which are born the same year bear names beginning letter consequently. This rule was founded to put order in the “Book of the French origins” or WINDWARD SIDE, register of canine civil statue since 1885.
During a long time, the owners were not constrained to quickly declare their animal and some did it even several years after the birth. So the national file had quickly become a true headache during the consultations since the dogs were not registered in the chronological order of the date of their birth.

In 1926, the canine central Company, charged to hold up to date the register “WINDWARD SIDE”, sets up a first system of lettering to simplify the consultation. All the dogs born the same year must henceforth bear a name whose first letter is that selected for the current year: “Has” in 1926, “B” in 1927, etc (“Z” was excluded)). However of 1948 with 1952, of many owners rose against this system which imposed the letters to them “W”, “X” or “Y”, because they offered not enough possibilities of names, which had as a consequence that in 1952 a dog on four bore the name of “Zorro”.

Finally, in 1973, the canine central Société definitively removed the letters considered to be difficult “K”, “Q”, “W”, “X” or “Y”, reducing to twenty the alphabet canine names.

External bonds

Repertory of names of dogs
List of the letters per year

Famous real dogs

Baltic
Laïka (first bitch in space)
Greyfriars Bobby
Hachikō
Balto
Belka and Strelka
Mabrouk
Junior
Mabrouka

See also: List of the dogs of fiction

See too

dog pup

List of the races of dogs
constellations of the Large Dog, the Puppy and the Gun dogs;
French federation of pulka and sledge with dog

References

External bonds

dog Category in the directory dmoz
History of the dog

Random links:

Dog

History

Systematic

Direction

Care and health

Plays and left

Education

Diseases and vaccinations

Parasites

Food

Reproduction

Role and place of the dog in the company

Dogs of utility

Human consumption

In Europe

In Asia

In Africa

In the Moslem countries

In America

Services

Problem of the canine dejections downtown

Name of the dogs

External bonds

Famous real dogs

See too

Related articles

References

External bonds