Dodécanèse
The Dodécanèse (in Greek Δωδεκάνησα , old Dōdekánēsa , modern Dodekánisa ) is a Archipel of the Aegean Sea gathering more than 160 islands and small island S, for the majority uninhabited. Its name means “twelve ( Dōdeka ) islands ( nēsos )”.
It forms a names periphery of the Égée-Southerner. Its chief town is Rhodos, capital of the island of Rhodes.
Principal islands
The twelve principal islands are:
Historical introduction
The history of the Dodécanèse is all the more complex as it merges with that of the Croisades, that of the République of Venice, that of the Ottoman Empire, that of the Italy of Mussolini and that of the Second world war. As an archipelago, Dodécanèse is known under this name only since 1908, date on which the twelve islands decided to link themselves to fight against the Turkish government.,
The Republic of Venice and crusades
The islands of Dodécanèse belonged to the Byzantine Empire until the catch of Constantinople by the crusaders about 1204. When the French barons of the Fourth crusade (1201) asked the Republic of Venice to provide them material for their forwarding in Holy Land, the Venetian ones accepted (after thousand negociations, advanced and backings), in the condition that the crusaders help them to conquer territories. In addition to the Dalmatie, and Constantinople, the Republic was made main of the majority of the islands of the Aegean Sea, among which Rhodos, Dodécanèse, but also of large islands like Lesbos and Chio.
Ottoman Empire
When its rival Genoa had took again Constantinople, Venice decided to betray its pact with the Christian Occident and it made alliance with the Mamelukes, which enabled him to take again certain places that Génois had removed to him (1386). But it could not avoid wars with the Othoman , of the 16th century at the 18th century, which resulted in the loss of Dodécanèse. The domination of the Latin (French, Italian, Spanish) having left bad memories to the populations, the Turks was not badly accommodated with the whole beginning of their invasion. They left even a relative autonomy to the Greek territories (what resulted sometimes in anarchy and armed robbery). The first important revolts against the Othomans started at the beginning of the 19th century, in particular after the massacre of the population of Chio. They were not going any more to cease, whereas the European powers accentuated the disorder.
Italian occupation and the second world war
In 1911, the Italian nationalist Giovanni Giolitti engaged a war against Turkey, in which it gained, inter alia territories, Dodécanèse (1912) whose its army had driven out the Turks.
History
In 1912, Dodécanèse is occupied by Italian. The archipelago is given again in Greece in 1947.
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