Djolof

The Djolof (or Jolof) was an empire founded by Ndiadiane diaye, first bourba ( buur-Ba = king) djolof.

This one had been elected as chief in what was going to become the Royaume of Oualo, in the North-West of current the Senegal, in the area of the river. From there, it joins together all the populations of ethnos group wolof to found this empire at the 13th century. It is the clan of the diaye which did not direct the empire. This patronym wolof exists always today.

History

The empire djolof included the States of the Cayor, Baol, Walo, Sine, Saloum, part of the Fouta-Toro and also part of the Bambouk. All these areas correspond to space Sénégambie N.

Empire broke down in 1549, with death of last emperor of Djolof, Lélé Fouli Fak, which was killed at the time of the battle of Danki, which was held close to Diourbel, in the old area of Baol. It was killed by Amari Ngoné Sobel Fall, the chief of the area of Cayor of the time, which was going to become the first Damel (king) of Cayor after a conflict due to a personal offense that Lélé Fouli Fak had made him undergo.

From there, the other States were going, in turn, to take their independence until reducing the great empire of the djolof to dimensions of a royalty in the central part of the country. In second half of the 19th century, the French colonists gradually annexed all the kingdoms of Senegal. Djolof was the last kingdom annexed with the last bourba djolof, Alboury Ndiaye, under the impulse of Louis Faidherbe.

The ethnos group wolof always reigned on this kingdom. This ethnos group is very treated on a hierarchical basis, it is divided into Caste S, each one having a well defined role. One finds at the top of the hierarchy, the geer which are the kings, those which control. They hold the political power and religious. Then the diambour come which are free men landowners, as well as the serignes which are the Marabout S often of origin poular or sarakhollé. The diambour have very little decision-making power. Comes then the caste from the nye nyo, themselves divided by trade association. At the top of the nye nyo one finds the teugs which are the blacksmiths. They control the art of metal, it is them which manufactured the weapons for the war. The teugs are also jewellers and their wives are potières. Then the Laobés, craftsmen of wood in the beginnings poulars, although certain historians allot to all the nye nyo old origins poulars, the rabb are the tisserands, woudés them work leather. The guéweul (the Griot S) occupy a very important place, they are the historians, the musicians, singers, genealogists, meters. The majority of the gèèr families are related to guéweuls families. Although these last are free agents of the oral tradition, they pass for specialists in the family lines and history of the soil.

In bottom of the social scale, one finds the slaves, the diam in wolof, each family has some. It carries the patronym of the family and there are very attached.

The slaves of the king have, them, a very particular statute, because the chief of the slaves, the farba kaba, itself slave of the king, fact part of the assembly of notable of the kingdom who elect the new king. It is among the slaves of the king that one recruited the warriors of the kingdom, the tieddos. Very courageous, they form most of the soldiers.

The ethnos group wolof practiced a very strong Endogamie, and the marriages almost exclusively took place within the same caste.

Sovereigns of Djolof ( Buur-Ba Jolof )

  • Dyadya Dyaye (1350-1370)
  • Sare Dyaye (1370-1390)
  • Diklam Sare (1390-1420)
  • Tyukuli Diklam (1420-1440)
  • Leeyti Tyukuli (1440-1450)
  • Dyelen Mbey Leeyti (1450-1465)
  • Birayma dyeme Eter (1465-1481)
  • Cup Daagulen (1481-1488)
  • Birayma Kuran Kan (1488-1492)
  • Bukaar Biye-Sungule (1492-1527)
  • Birayma Dyeme-Kumba (1527-1543)
  • Leele Fuli Fak (1543-1549)
  • Al-Buri Penda (1549-1566)
  • Lat-Samba (1566-1597)
  • Gireun Buri Dyelen (1597-1605)
  • Birayma Penda (1605-1649)
  • Birayma Mba (1649-1670)
  • Bakar Penda (1670-1711)
  • Bakan-Tam Gan (1711-1721)
  • Al-Buri Dyakher (1721-1740)
  • Birayamb (1740-1748)
  • Birawa Keme (1748-1750)
  • Lat-Kodu (1750-1755)
  • Bakaa-Tam Buri-Nyabu (1755-1763)
  • Mba Kompass (1763-1800)
  • Mba Buri-Nyabu (1800-1818)
  • Birayamb Kumba-Gey (1818-1838)
  • Al-Buri Tam (1838-1845)
  • Baka Kodu (1845-1847)
  • Birayamb Aram (1847-1849)
  • Birayma-Penda (1849)
  • Mbanyi-Paate (1849)
  • Lat-Koddu (1849)
( temporary vacancy of the capacity )
  • Birayamb My-Dyigen (1850-1855)
  • Al-Buri Peya (1855-1856)
  • Bakan-Tam Yaago (1856-1858)
  • Taanor (1858-1863)
  • Bakan-Tam Khaari (1863-1871)
  • Amadu Seeku (1871-1875)
  • 'Ali Buri Dyaye (1875-1890)
  • French Colonization (1889-1960)

See too

Internal bonds

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