See also: Djibouti (homonymy), Somalia (homonymy)

Djibouti , also known under the name of “ Country of the Brave men ”, is a small country of East Africa, located at the edge of the Red Sea. It is surrounded by the Somalia, the Ethiopia and the Érythrée.

History

See also: History of Djibouti

At the 19th century, France establishes a Protectorat in the gulf of Tadjourah with Obock controlled by Leonce Lagarde. March 2nd, 1862 is signed with Paris a treaty of alliance and Amitié with the chiefs afars, represented by Dini Ahmed Abou Baker. This treaty also ratifies the sale of the ground of Obock for the sum of 10  000 thalers (55  000 gold francs), and reserve rights to the France on the coasts of the Ghoubbet-el-Kharab. The French colony of Djibouti was born.

Between 1862 and 1977, Djibouti is a French colony under the successive names of Territoire of Obock, French Côte of Somalis and finally French territory of Afars and Issas (see detailed articles).

In 1991, a war opposes the mode to the capacity of Hassan Gouled Aptidon with the Front for the Restoration of the Unit and the Democracy (FRUD), of Ahmed Dini, emblematic figure of the Djibouti opposition. Militarily, this conflict does not last a long time. Since 1994, a treaty is signed between part of the FRUD and the Djibouti government. The hardest part (called armed FRUD) enters the process of pacification only in 2001. Not only, this war slows down the development of the country, but it more digs the gap between the Afar S and the Somali S. And if, economically, the wounds of the war appear healed, the construction of a Djibouti identity is not reinforced with it.

Policy

See also: Political of Djibouti

Djibouti is a République since its acquired Indépendance France in 1977, it organizes its first legislative elections and presidential in 1981.

It follows the principle of Séparation of the capacities: legislative, executive and legal.

Subdivisions

See also: Subdivisions of Djibouti

Djibouti is subdivided in five areas and a Ville  :

Geography

See also: Geography of Djibouti

Economy

See also: Saving in Djibouti


The Djibouti economy is very largely dependant on sound Tertiary sector (82  % of the GDP), the State is the principal employer in the country (is. 2000).

The country is low in Industrie S (15  % of GDP) and especially in Agriculture (3  % only of the GDP), which contributes toa strong rate of Chômage (70  % of the labor force of the country). Djibouti supplies in goods near its neighbors Ethiopia NS, Somalia Yemeni NS and . And, to a lesser extent, of the France. The country however lately knows a change of economic conjuncture due to exogenic factors, of which the arrival of the American soldiers who take part in job creation, but also on arrival of new banks.

Demography

See also: Demography of Djibouti

The Djibouti population counts approximately 800.000 individuals (according to UNDP, exact figures being inalienable). It is divided into several human components: Afars and Somalis, of Islamic religion for the majority, which are traditionally attached to the anthropological group of Chamites. They are named “  Chamites Orientaux  ” to distinguish them from these other Chamites that are the Egyptians and the Berber ones.

The Afar and the Somali are usually spoken. French and of Arabic is the two official languages.

Health

The moved back areas have a weak access to the health-care system, and the country must deal with various the tropical diseases
  • Paludisme (between October and February in the areas likely to allow the reproduction of the mosquitos: cities, Daï),
  • Choléra (by period, in particular at the time of large the rains which flood certain districts of Djibouti city like Ambouli for example and allow the proliferation of the disease).
  • Like many countries of Africa, Djibouti undergoes many cases of AIDS;

A reform of the sector of health was undertaken, with a law tallies of orientation of the health policy, and a strategic framework 2001-2011 as well as a Medical National plan of Development 2002-2006.

According to Abdallah Abdillahi Miguil, Minister for health, the Training center of the health workforce will be transformed into a Training institute of the executives of health (at the end of 2006?), and a medical college is envisaged in Djibouti for 2007.

Projects relate to also regional hospitals, a national reference laboratory, and a large hospital specialized in the assumption of responsibility of Tuberculosis.

Semi-2006, the the World Bank prolongs for five years, the financing of the Development project of the sector of health (PDSS) and of the Intersector project of Fight against AIDS (PLSPT).

A regional conference HIV/AIDS Vulnérabilité of the populations of mobility was taken place in Djibouti, of the June 29th at July 2nd, 2006. A co-operation south-south with the Morocco is envisaged making it possible to send Djibouti students in medical college to Morocco.

The American army contributes to the care of the local populations.

The year 2006 is remembered by a human case of Avian flu, announced on Thursday, May 11, 2006 by Abdallah Abdillahi Miguil, Minister for Health, announces made following a taking away carried out on April 27th, 2006. The Minister specifies neither the name neither the state of the patient, neither his origin nor the place of hospitalization. In addition, according to the press, three domestic hens are affected by the virus. The tests of laboratory are carried out by the Egyptian center of collaboration of WHO, the reference laboratory of NAMRU III with the Cairo.

Another striking fact of Djibouti is the excessive consumption of the khat, soft drug coming every midday by air from the Ethiopian high plateaus. The consumers, mainly the men, chew the khat juqu' at the evening, which puts them in a temporary state of excitation before causing a heavy somnolence. This local fury that is the khat allows the state a re-entry money through the taxes but also a considerable exit of currencies.

Culture

See also: Culture of Djibouti

  • Music of Djibouti
  • Literature of Djibouti

Foreign presence

In addition to the presence of many embassies in the country, Djibouti accommodates also French, German and American units military, as well as a minority of Japanese soldiers. Although the president is “pro-American”, their presence in the country is discussed, owing to the fact that one fears terrorist attacks on the territory. The United States of America have only one military presence and diplomatic, and the families of the soldiers remain in general in the United States.

It is less the case for France, which brings an economic aid to the country, and created many infrastructures, of which the French college Joseph Kessel in the center of Djibouti in 1991. France has important military infrastructures in Djibouti of which the Air base 188 which accommodates the Mirage 2000C and 2000D of the Escadron of Hunting 4/33 Vexin as well as the 5 {{E}} Régiment inter-arm with overseas (5th RIAOM), the 13 {{E}} Half-brigade of Foreign legion, a detachment of the commandos marinades and in the past the 10°BCS and of many common services.

Others

Population: 638  000 inhabitants (in 2002). 0-14 years: 42,58%; 15-64 years: 54,58%; + 65 years: 2,84%
Surface: 23.700 km ²
Density: 20 hab. /km ²
Land borders: 508 km (Ethiopia 337 km; Érythrée 113 km; Somalia 58 km)
Littoral: 314 km
Ends of altitude: - 155 m > + 2.028 m
Life expectancy of the men: 49 years (in 2001)
Life expectancy of the women: 53 years (in 2001)
Growth rate of the population: 2,6% (in 2001)
Birth rate: 40,66 ‰ (in 2001)
Death rate: 14,66 ‰ (in 2001)
infantile Death rate: 101,51 ‰ (in 2001)
Fertility rate: 5,72 children/woman (in 2001)
Rate of migration: 0 ‰ (in 2001)
Independence: June 27th 1977 (old French colony)
Telephone lines: 8  000 (in 1997)
Cellphones: 203 (in 1997); SMS (in 2007)
Radios: 52  000 (in 1997)
Television stations: 28  000 (in 1997)
Users of Internet: 1  000 (in 2000)
Many suppliers of access Internet: 1 (in 2000); ADSL (in 2006)
Roads: 2  890 km (including 364 tarred km) (in 1996)
Railways: 100 km
inland Waterways: 0 km
Many airports: 12 (including 2 with tarred tracks) (in 2000)

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

Sites general practitioners

  • Gate of Djibouti
  • http://www.geocities.com/djiboutione
  • Länder- und Reiseinformationen of Auswärtigen Amtes: Dschibuti
  • DIE ZEIT: Die Wacht amndt Horn - Bundeswehreinsatz VOR Afrikas Ostküste (2003)
  • Die Deutsche Marine amndt Horn von Afrika - OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM

Press/Médias

  • http://www.adi.dj/

  • http://www.lanation.dj/
  • http://www.ayamouna2.bravehost.com/

Government/Opinions

  • Official site of the presidency of Djibouti

  • ARDHD, association for the respect of the human rights in Djibouti
  • Djibouti, country of Françafrique
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Beats-smg: Džėbotis Simple: Djibouti Zh-min-nan: Djibouti

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