Djéser

Djéser (or Djoser ) is a king of (Ancient Empire). It succeeds Senakht. Manéthon calls it Tosorthros ( Sesorthos ) and counts twenty-nine years of reign to him whereas the Papyrus of Turin counts of them nineteen years to him and a month.

One locates his reign at the neighborhoods of -2630 with -2611.

The name of Djéser appears only with. Today, it is identified without any doubt, with the Horus Netjerykhet, thanks to many known documents. He is the son of Khâsekhemoui. At the beginning of its reign it resides close to Abydos where it begins the construction of a tomb with Beit Khallaf. The queen Nimaâthâpy, called “Mother of the royal children” under Khâsekhemoui will be described as “Mother of the king” under Djéser. The reign of Djéser sees the appearance of the first known vizier: Menka.

A stele, found in L “island of Sehel located at the South of Aswan, evokes a famine which struck Egypt in the year of the reign of Djéser, famine which lasted seven years. It reinforces the administration of the state and is the first king to have the control of the peninsula of the the Sinai whose its mining resources (copper, turquoise) pass under control of Egypt. Djéser left a so prestigious memory that it is with its name that was written a ptolémaïque apocryphal book at the time . He marries his sister Hétephernebty and has two girls.

Genealogy

Titulature

Reign

Djéser, which means “the saint” as an old Egyptian, would be at the origin of a great religious reform in all the country. King with the image of peaceful, it is regarded as the “builder” of the Ancient Empire, not by the size of his works but by the innovations which it introduced with the assistance of Imhotep.

One owes them in particular the generalization of the use of the stone like construction material of the temples and the tombs and the inauguration of the first pyramid known in the world (the Pyramide with degrees of Saqqarah). It would also seem that there was a real economic prosperity and cultural country with openings on the East.

He is the builder of the Pyramide to degrees of Saqqarah. The brilliant architect of this construction was Imhotep which amongst other things had the functions of large chancellor of the Low-Egypt, royal prince, large priest of Héliopolis and royal doctor. He chooses for his monuments of eternity the stone, with representations of plants: column-papyrus, grooved columns and fasciculées columns (recall of formed columns of stems of reeds or palms joined together in beams).

Burial

The history of the pyramid is interesting. Jean-Philippe Lauer affirms that all started from simple a Mastaba, undoubtedly considered to be too not very imposing compared to the personality of the king, and undoubtedly masked by the enclosure of the funerary complex. Imhotep thus added three additional levels, then it raised of two new degrees while increasing by one on the sides, while being pressed on the already existing pyramid.

Its complex with Saqqarah was restored under the direction of Lauer, forgotten of God , as named it the Egyptians because of his great age and its dynamism, Egyptologist who was architect of formation and which has work on the site of 1926 with 2001, date of its death.

The statue of Djéser which was discovered by Cecil Firth, in 1924, in its serdab (Arab word meaning corridor , indicating a room walled on the southern part of the mastaba, where was it (or them) funerary statue, communicating by a ventilator with the room of the offerings), is exposed to the museum of Cairo, while that which is visible in the famous Serdab, is a copy.

Photographs

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