Diptera

The dipterous are one of Insecte S, of the Ptérygote S, section of the Néoptère S, division of the Holométabole S, the Mécoptéroïdé S. This order gathers, amongst other things, of the species indicated by the vernacular names Mouche S, Moustique S, Taon S.

Description

It is important order of insect by the number with more than 150.000 described species distributed in 177 families. About fifty these families have an importance from their role in the transmission of parasitic or pathogenic agents to the man or the cattle ( Culicidae , Simuliidae , Glossinidae , Phlebotominae ) or as phytophagous of the cultures ( Cecidomyiidae , Agromyzidae (mineuses flies), Tephritidae (flies of the fruits), Psilidae …) or on the contrary auxiliary of the cultures ( Syrphidae to some extent, Tachinidae …). Finally let us not forget their determining role as coprophage, necrophagous or a détritphage.

They are characterized by the possession of only one pair of wing S membranous. Besides the etymology indicates the unicity of the pair of wings (di two; ptères wings). However, certain species are apterous the such Hippobosque S which live their adult stage on the animal that they parasitize.
L' another pair of wing was transformed into “haltères”, which is tiny small bludgeons which are used as beams for the stability of the vol.

The oral parts are of sucker type, always showing a horn (proboscis) which is sometimes vunérente.

The study of dipterous as a speciality of the Entomologie is called the Diptérologie. Like many other groups of invertebrates, the flies, mosquitos and the other dipterous ones are studied very little and the number of specialists is very reduced. That poses many problems, in particular to evaluate the action of the human being on the environment. Only the species posing of the problems in the field of agriculture or health are the subject of investigations in rule, these species form a very small minority and are not characteristic of the whole of the group. Some species, in particular the Drosophilas, are very studied on a genetic level.

Ecology of the dipterous ones

In spite of the unpleasant or dangerous character of certain species, the majority play an important ecological part. Not only they take part to a large extent in the elimination of the excrements (species Coprophages) and corpses (species Nécrophages), but their larvae which often live in the ground produce significant amounts of humus.

29% of the known species are Phytophage S

Taxonomy

The dipterous term derives from the Greek di for two and pteron for wing. One distinguishes two great sub-orders the dipterous ones:

Sub-order of the nématocères

The Nématocères are a sub-order (probably Paraphylétique), the dipterous ones of which antennas (Greek grc ceros: horn) are in the shape of wire (Greek grc nematos), with long wings and more than 3 articles per antenna (Moustique S, tipule, Anophèle S).

Sub-order of will nematocera: List families

Sub-order of the brachycères

The Brachycères are the flies muscoïdes with the short antennas (of the meaning Greek grc brachy “short” and grc ceros “horn”), with 3 articles by antenna and very mobile head, corresponding coarsely to the Mouche S (the common Mouche, the Tsetse fly, the Taon and the Drosophile…).

Sub-order of Brachycera: List families

  • Infra-Order: Tabanomorpha
  • Infra-Order: Asilomorpha
  • Infra-Order: Aschiza
    • Super family Lonchopteroidea
      • Lonchopteridae
    • Super family Phoroidea
      • Phoridae
      • Platypezidae
    • Super family Sirphoidea
  • Infra-Order: Schizophora Acalyptratae
    • Super family Conopoidea
    • Super family Tephritoidea
    • Super family Micropezoidea
    • Super family Tanypezoidea
      • Tanypezidae
      • Diopsidae
      • Heteromyzidae
      • Psilidae
    • Super family Sciomizoidea
      • Sciomyzidae
      • Sepsidae
      • Dryomyzidae
      • Coelopidae
    • Super family Lauxanioidea
      • Chamaemyiidae
      • Lauxanidae
    • Super family Sphareoiceroidea
      • Heleomyzidae
      • Sphaeroceridae
      • Chyromyidae
      • Rhinotoridae
    • Super family Anthomyzoidea
      • Opomysidae
      • Odiniidae
      • Aulacigastridae
      • Anthomyzidae
      • Asteiidae
      • Clusiidae
      • Agromysidae
      • Periscelididae
      • Milichiidae
      • Carnidae
      • Braulidae
    • Super family Drosophiloidea
  • Infra-Order: Schizophora Calyptratae

See too

Taxonomic references

Note

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