Diorama
The term diorama indicates a device illusionist used for the effects of theater at the XIXe century. Its inventor was the painter and decorator Louis Daguerre.
The contemporary diorama is a system of presentation of a model of exposure revealing this model in its environment of use.
In its simplest mode, the diorama consists of a base or base supporting the model and supplemented by a bottom of decoration paints into 2 dimensions.
In a more advanced mode, the diorama comprises an environment also modelled to him in volume with a richness of details identical to that of the model.
The animated diorama of Louis Daguerre
The painter Louis Daguerre applied the principle of the diorama to the stage sets since 1803, creating large romantic tables animated by plays of lights. He will open in 1822 the Diorama of Paris to present his tables to effets.Its monumental decorations, painted in double face on a support in translucent fabric, changed uninterrupted with the variation of the light of the jour.
It will install this device in the church of Bry-sur-Marne in 1842. This diorama is the only model subsistant.
The principle of the diorama of Daguerre will be reproduced in miniature cases sold at the exit of its spectacles, the panoptical polyoramas.
A new theatrical experiment
The Diorama was a popular entertainment between 1822 and 1880, as well with Paris, as with London or in Scotland. Conceived like an alternative to very popular the Panorama (panoramic painting), the diorama was a theatrical experiment presented to the public in a theater especially designed by Daguerre.350 spectators made the tail to sometimes subtly contemplate a painting of landscape whose appearance changed, and sometimes dramatiquement.
The majority of the spectators remained upright during the 10 to 15 minutes which the spectacle lasted. The whole of the spectators was then pulled by an enormous rotary table to attend one second representation. The later models of diorama included even a third scene.
The dimension of the scenes reached 7 meters broad by 6,5 meters in height. Each scene was painted with the hand on a fabric whose transparency was preserved in selected zones. A series of these panels was laid out in-depth in a truncated tunnel, then lit by the natural light redirigée.
According to the intensity, direction of the light, and address of the operators to handle these sources, the scene seemed to change. The effects were so subtly returned that such an amount of criticisms which the public were amazed, believer to observe a real scene.
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