Diasystème

A diasystème is a whole of very close linguistic varieties which share enough common structures so that one can describe them in a common great system of correspondences.

In other words, a diasystème is composed of Dialecte S which tends to being mutually comprehensible and which tends to form only one common Langue, definitely different from the other languages: the diasystème is thus an equivalent concept of that of language by distance (or language Abstand ).

Nevertheless, within a diasystème, it happens that certain varieties receive a separated development, which tends to make them perceive as separate languages of the remainder of the diasystème: one speaks then about language by development (or Langue Ausbau ). The various languages by development, when they have a common stock, remain despite everything very close from/to each other, since they belong to same a diasystème.

Examples of diasystèmes composed of several languages by development:

  • the French and languages of oil like, inter alia, the Gallo, the Picardy , the Norman , the Walloon , the Poitevin (diasytème of oil)
  • the Corsican and the Italian since the years 1850 (diasystème Italian)
  • the Hindi and the Urdu (diasystème Hindustani)
  • the Serb , the Croatian , the Bosnien and the Montenegrin (Slavic Diasystème of the center-south)
  • the Danish, the Norwegian and the Swedish (diasystème Scandinavian continental)
  • the Macedonian and the Bulgarian (diasystème Bulgarian)
  • the Portuguese and the Galician (diasystème galaïco-Portuguese)
  • the Catalan and the Occitan (diasystème occitano-novel or occitano-Catalan)
  • the Slovak and the Czech (diasystème Czechoslovakian)
  • the Arab and the Maltese (diasystème Arab)
  • the Low-Saxon , the Dutch and the Afrikaans (diasystème Low-German)
  • in the Languages bantoues, it seems that there exist several cases of diasystèmes made up of languages by development.
etc

See too

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