Diasystème
A diasystème is a whole of very close linguistic varieties which share enough common structures so that one can describe them in a common great system of correspondences.
In other words, a diasystème is composed of Dialecte S which tends to being mutually comprehensible and which tends to form only one common Langue, definitely different from the other languages: the diasystème is thus an equivalent concept of that of language by distance (or language Abstand ).
Nevertheless, within a diasystème, it happens that certain varieties receive a separated development, which tends to make them perceive as separate languages of the remainder of the diasystème: one speaks then about language by development (or Langue Ausbau ). The various languages by development, when they have a common stock, remain despite everything very close from/to each other, since they belong to same a diasystème.
Examples of diasystèmes composed of several languages by development:
- the French and languages of oil like, inter alia, the Gallo, the Picardy , the Norman , the Walloon , the Poitevin (diasytème of oil)
- the Corsican and the Italian since the years 1850 (diasystème Italian)
- the Hindi and the Urdu (diasystème Hindustani)
- the Serb , the Croatian , the Bosnien and the Montenegrin (Slavic Diasystème of the center-south)
- the Danish, the Norwegian and the Swedish (diasystème Scandinavian continental)
- the Macedonian and the Bulgarian (diasystème Bulgarian)
- the Portuguese and the Galician (diasystème galaïco-Portuguese)
- the Catalan and the Occitan (diasystème occitano-novel or occitano-Catalan)
- the Slovak and the Czech (diasystème Czechoslovakian)
- the Arab and the Maltese (diasystème Arab)
- the Low-Saxon , the Dutch and the Afrikaans (diasystème Low-German)
- in the Languages bantoues, it seems that there exist several cases of diasystèmes made up of languages by development.
See too
- Language Ausbau
- Sociolinguistique
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